空间集聚、产业关联与企业创新  

Spatial agglomeration,industrial linkage and enterprise innovation

作　　者：张皓[1] 赵佩玉 梁维娟 虞义华[1] ZHANG Hao;ZHAO Peiyu;LIANG Weijuan;YU Yihua(School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;School of Statistics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学应用经济学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学统计学院,北京100872

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2022年第5期28-41,共14页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目(72050001);中国人民大学应用经济学院研究生科研基金项目(2019000890)。

摘　　要：基于2003—2007年中国工业企业数据库和企业专利数据库,运用DO指数和各省份投入产出表,探讨产业关联在空间集聚促进企业创新过程中的影响,并分析其异质性和作用机制。研究发现,产业关联能够强化空间集聚促进企业创新的过程,特别是以影响力系数为代表的产业后向关联在空间集聚促进企业创新的过程中发挥着更大的作用。考虑到模型可能存在内生性问题,进一步分别通过工具变量和准自然实验进行内生性检验,同时考虑样本偏差、遗漏变量等因素进行稳健性检验,结果表明以上结论依然成立。异质性分析结果表明,大型或小型规模企业、非国有企业、处在制造业和中高技术行业中的企业是这一过程的主要受益者。机制分析发现,空间集聚与产业后向关联通过提高企业职工教育投入、发展进出口业务和改善区域创新环境促进企业创新,而与产业前向关联则是通过提高市场化水平推进企业创新。未来,要进一步提升空间范围内集聚企业的产业关联性以提高生产效率和创新能力,使企业能够更好地发挥自身优势服务于新发展格局背景下的经济高质量发展。Using China Industrial Enterprise Database and Enterprises Patent Database from 2003 to 2007,and combining the Duranton and Overman(DO)index and provincial input-output table,this paper examines the role of industrial linkage in the process of spatial agglomeration promoting firm innovation and its heterogeneous impact and mechanisms.It finds that industrial linkage can strengthen the process of spatial agglomeration promoting firm innovation,and that backward linkage plays a greater role in this process.Given the potential endogeneity issue,this paper further conducts endogeneity tests using instrumental variables and quasi-natural experiments,as well as robustness tests considering sample bias and omitted-variable bias.The above conclusions remain valid.The heterogeneity analysis shows that large and small enterprises,non-state-owned enterprises,and enterprises in manufacturing and middle-and high-tech industries are the biggest beneficiaries of this process.Mechanism analysis finds that,with backward linkages,spatial agglomeration promotes enterprise innovation by increasing investment in employee education,developing import and export business,and improving the regional innovation environment.Also,with forward linkages,spatial agglomeration promotes enterprise innovation by improving the level of marketization.In the future,it is necessary to further enhance industrial linkages to improve firms’own production efficiency and innovation capability,so that enterprises can better play to their own strengths to promote the high-quality development of the national economy under the new development paradigm.

关 键 词：空间集聚 产业关联 企业创新 DO指数 专利 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]