CIMMYT热带玉米种质在北方短日照处理下的7个性状差异比较  

Traits Difference Comparison of Tropical Maize Germplasm from CIMMYT under Short Day Condition in Northern China

作　　者：李春雷[1,2] 孙传波 孙志超[1] 苏桂华[1] 苏义臣[1] LI Chunlei;SUN Chuanbo;SUN Zhichao;SU Guihua;SU Yichen(Maize Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Maize,Gongzhuling 136100;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University,Jilin 132001,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院玉米研究所/玉米国家工程实验室(长春),吉林公主岭136100 [2]吉林农业科技学院,吉林吉林132001

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2022年第5期1-8,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：吉林省科学技术厅项目(172392GG010035672)。

摘　　要：本研究以62份CIMMYT热带玉米种质和2份温带玉米自交系为试验材料,在幼苗3~8叶期,温室内采用人工短日照处理的方法降低热带种质的光温敏感性。旨在探讨热带玉米种质在北方短日照处理下7个性状的差异,为热带玉米种质的研究与利用奠定基础。结果表明:62份热带玉米种质表现光温敏感差异较大,2份温带玉米种质光温反应较为钝化。经过短日照处理,株高、穗位、茎粗和雄穗分枝等4个性状的变幅、和、均值、极差、方差、标准差值均变小,变异系数变大。7个性状变异系数均大于10%,穗位、雄穗分枝、花期间隔变异系数大于50%。与对照相比,株高降低幅度为0~44%,穗位降低幅度为0~92%,茎粗减少幅度为34%~135%,雄穗分枝减少幅度为11%~167%,玉米大斑病发病等级为1~9级,平均发病等级为3.5,整体抗病水平较高,2份温带材料感病级别分别为7级、9级。经短日照处理,叶片数减少幅度为0~65%,热带种质光温反应敏感,经短日照处理,花丝、花粉可育率提高了19.4%。相关性分析表明对照组与遮光组叶片数与株高、茎粗、花期间隔均呈显著或极显著正相关。花期间隔与茎粗相关性较高。62 tropical CIMMYT maize germplasm and 2 temperate maize inbred lines were used as experimental materials for construct a foundation for the research and utilization of tropical germplasm in this study. The method of artificial short day was used to experimental materials in 3-8 leaf period. The results showed that 62 tropical germplasm showed a significant differences on photosensitive and temperature-sensitive while 2 temperate germplasm showed inactive in light temperature response. The variation, sum, mean, range, variance of plant height, ear height,stem diameter, task-branch and variation coefficients all increased. The traits variation coefficients of 7 traits were more than 10% and the variation coefficients of panicle position, tassel branch and flowering interval were more than 50%. Compared with the control group, plant height decreased 0-44%, ear height decreased 0-92%, stem diameter decreased 34%-135%, and task-branch decreased 11%-167%. The incidence level of maize big spot disease was 1-9, and the average incidence level was 3.5. The overall disease resistance level was relatively high. The level of northern leaf blight of two inbred lines was 7 and 9 after short day treatment, the number of leaves decreased by 0-65%. The tropical germplasm was sensitive to light and temperature and the fertility rate of filaments and pollen increased by 19.4%. Correlation analysis showed that the number of leaves in the control group and the shading group were significantly positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter and flowering interval. The correlation between flowering interval and stem diameter was high.

关 键 词：玉米 光温敏感 性状变化 CIMMYT热带玉米种质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]