不同颜色地膜及覆盖方式对寒旱区春玉米土壤水热状况及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Film Mulching Methods on Soil Hydrothermal Status and Yield of Spring Maize in Cold and Arid Regions

作　　者：闫静琦 蒋傲男 陈宗政 赵海超[1] 卢海博[1] 黄智鸿[1] YAN Jingqi;JIANG Aonan;CHEN Zongzheng;ZHAO Haichao;LU Haibo;HUANG Zhihong(Hebei North College,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院,农产品食品质量安全重点实验室,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2022年第5期14-20,共7页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系(玉米体系岗位专家)(HBCT2018020203);河北省科技厅项目(18226334D);河北省教育厅重大项目(ZD2019097)。

摘　　要：为研究寒旱区春玉米农田提水增温高效覆膜方式,通过田间试验,比较分析不同覆膜方式下土壤水分、温度空间分布及其产量效应。结果表明:春玉米生育期0~20 cm土层平均温度在19.76~23.12℃,白色全膜>黑色全膜>黑色半膜>白色半膜>CK,各覆膜处理比CK分别提高17.00%、13.49%、6.21%、3.21%,且温度随土壤深度的增加呈递减趋势。春玉米生育期0~20 cm土层平均含水率在12.01%~16.21%,黑色全膜>白色全膜>黑色半膜>白色半膜>CK,覆膜比CK分别增加36.72%、34.88%、15.95%、10.62%。各生育时期白色全膜的根干重、茎干重、叶干重、穗干重均高于其他处理,春玉米产量白色全膜>黑色全膜>白色半膜>黑色半膜>CK,分别比CK增产39.06%、32.37%、9.99%、4.23%。拔节期土壤水分含量、温度与春玉米生物量呈显著正相关,白色全膜在苗期和拔节期增温效果最好,且全生育期温度利用效率最高为6.59%;黑色全膜在抽雄期和成熟期增温效果最好,且全生育期水分利用效率最高为34.1%。综合看来,冀西北寒旱区春玉米节水增温最佳覆膜方式为白色全膜覆盖。In order to study the high-efficiency film mulching method for water and temperature increase in spring maize farmland in cold and arid areas, a field experiment was conducted to analyze the spatial distribution of soil moisture, temperature and yield effects under different film mulching methods. The result showed that the average temperature of 0-20 cm soil layer in the growth period of spring maize is 19.76-23.12 °C;white full film>black full film>black half film>white half film>CK, and the film treatment increased by 17.00%, 13.49%, 6.21%, 3.21%, respectively. The temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth, which was consistent with the decay kinetics process. The average moisture content of 0-20 cm soil layer in spring maize growth period is 12.01%-16.21%;black full film>white full film>black half film>white half film>CK. Compared with CK, plastic film mulching increased 36.72%, 34.88%, 15.95%, 10.62%, respectively. The root dry weight, stem dry weight, dry weight of leaves and dry weight of the whole white film in each growth period were higher than other treatments, spring maize yield is white full film>black full film>white half film>black half film>CK, which increased 39.06%, 32.37%, 9.99%,4.23%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between soil moisture content and temperature and spring maize biomass during jointing stage. White whole film had the best effect in temperature increase at seedling stage and jointing stage, and the highest temperature utilization black whole film has the best effect in temperature increase during the tasseling and maturity stages, and the water use efficiency is the highest of 6.59%. The optimal film-mulching method for spring maize water-saving in the cold and arid regions of Northwest Hebei is white fullfilm coverage.

关 键 词：覆膜方式 寒旱区 土壤水分 土壤温度 春玉米产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]