刑法分则中组织类犯罪既遂标准的厘定  

The Determination of the Accomplished Standard of Organize-Typed Crime in the Criminal Law

作　　者：赵拥军 Zhao Yongjun

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学 [2]上海市徐汇区人民法院

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2022年第5期38-49,共12页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：组织类犯罪属于行为犯,但行为犯并非一着手实施即构成既遂。行为犯的处罚根据依然是与行为同时发生的结果,只是无需以侵害结果的发生为必要,但至少要发生构成要件结果的危险,否则就应以犯罪未遂论处。组织类犯罪的客观实行行为原则上既非单纯的组织行为,也非“组织行为”与“被组织行为”的简单叠加,而应考虑组织一词的文义解释,即将分散的人或事物系统化或者整体化,进而将“组织行为”与“被组织行为”作有机结合后的整体解读。组织类犯罪的既遂原则上不能以组织行为的实施为标准,但也无需等到“被组织行为”实施完毕,而应以构成要件说为基本标准,在个罪保护法益指导下,根据“被组织行为”是犯罪行为还是违法或一般行为为首要考量因素,设定宽严不同的标准,并根据被保护的法益内容和主体因素等作为例外考量因素,对个别组织类犯罪的既遂标准予以修正。Organize-typed crimes are behavioral offenses, but behavioral offenses do not constitute accomplished crimes once they are committed.The basis of punishment for behavioral offenses is still the result that occurs at the same time as the act, but not necessary for the occurrence of the result of the infringement, though at least there must be a danger to trigger the damaging result of the constitutive elements, otherwise it should be punished as an attempted crime.In principle, the objective execution of organize-typed crime is neither a simple organizational behavior nor a simple superposition of "organizing" and "organized". We should consider the literal interpretation of the word "organize", that is, the systematization of scattered people or things. Therefore, we should interpret it as a whole which organically combined "organizing" and "organized" behavior. In principle, the completion of an organize-typed crime cannot be based on the implementation of the organizing behavior, and it does not need to wait until the "organized behavior" is completed. We should base on the theory of crime constitution, under the guidance of protecting legal interests of individual crimes, take the "organized behavior" is a criminal act or an illegal act or a general act as the primary consideration factors, to set the accomplished standards of different leniency and strictness, and take the protected legal interests and subject factors as exceptions to revise the accomplished standard of individual organize-typed crimes.

关 键 词：组织行为 行为犯 犯罪既遂 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]