IUCN受威胁物种红色名录进展及应用  

Progress and application of IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

作　　者：解焱[1,2] Yan Xie(Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;China Species Specialist Group of Species Survival Commission(CSSG/SSC),World Nature Conservation Union(IUCN),Beijing,100101)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]IUCN物种生存委员会中国物种专家委员会(CSSG/SSC),北京100101

出　　处：《生物多样性》2022年第10期62-79,共18页Biodiversity Science

摘　　要：IUCN受威胁物种红色名录已经成为世界上最全面的关于全球动物、真菌和植物物种灭绝风险状况的信息来源,是生物多样性健康的关键指标,是促进生物多样性保护和决策的有力工具。本文全面介绍IUCN受威胁物种红色名录(简称IUCN红色名录)的发展以及应用状况,积极推动其在中国的物种评估和广泛应用。总结了IUCN红色名录从依赖于评估专家的主观意志决定物种濒危等级的濒危物种红皮书(RedDataBook)到IUCN受威胁物种等级和标准(3.1版)的客观量化和所有门类使用统一标准的过程。该等级体系可囊括全球所有物种,其中“受威胁”的3个等级——极危(CR)、濒危(EN)或易危(VU)需使用5个标准进行量化评估,对评估规范有非常严格的要求。该等级和标准体系不仅适用于全球层面,同样也适用于地区层面物种评估,只是在具体物种种群如果和周边其他地区(国家)存在种群交流情况时,评估结果要进行调整。迄今为止,全球层面使用该等级体系和标准评估了14万多种(其中在中国有分布的物种10,846种),100多个国家和地方制定了地区/国家层面的红色名录,中国红色名录评估了5.5万多种。IUCN红色名录已广泛应用于评估生物多样性变化速度;为保护规划提供决策信息;支持履行国际公约、修订国家/地区重点保护物种名录和自然保护地管理等;指导资源有效合理分配和宣传教育等。广泛应用过程中,讨论主要集中在获取数据的方法改进上;另外,一方面有专家认为标准存在缺陷需要完善,另一方面有呼吁维持标准的长期相对稳定,以便进行跨时间、跨区域、跨物种门类的比较。本文提出来了中国红色名录的持续机制和应用建议,包括建立中国红色名录委员会、建立中国红色名录专业网站、发展评估专家队伍、建立中国红色名录评估更新机制,以及加强国际协作、促进全球和中国红色�Aim:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species(IUCN Red List)has become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global extinction risk status of animal,fungus and plant species,a critical indicator of the health of biodiversity and a powerful tool to catalyse action for biodiversity conservation and policy decision.The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively introduce the development and application of the IUCN Red List,to promote Chinese species assessment and wide application in China.Review Results:(1)The history of the IUCN Red List.During the phase of Red Data Book of Endangered Species,it was largely dependent on individual experts’personal judgement to make decisions on threatened categories.From 1991,the criteria gradually became quantified and unified for all taxon groups.Since IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria:Version 3.1 published in 2001,the categories and criteria has been kept stable and become widely applied around the world.Until now,more than 140,000 species(among them,10,846 species are distributed in China)have been evaluated at the global level,over 55,000 species evaluated at China country level,and over 100 countries/regions have developed their regional/national Red List.(2)Global criteria and assessment.The category system covers all species in the world,among which,three categories regarded as“threatened”,i.e.,Critical Endangered(CR),Endangered(EN)or Vulnerable(VU),must be evaluated by the five set of criteria.The current global level assessment work is mainly completed by the IUCN Species Survival Committee(SSC)and its partners,and there are strict requirements for the assessment.(3)National and regional criteria and applications.Compared with the global application,the category and criteria are applicable to regional applications,only the assessment results should be adjusted if the species population communicates with neighboring regions(or countries).(4)Assessment status of China Red List.The first comprehensive assessment began in 2000 for 10,211 species

关 键 词：IUCN红色名录 等级和标准 国家红色名录 中国红色名录 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]