龙岗区95例病残儿先天性心脏病的流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of 95 Cases of Congenital Heart Disease in Disabled Children in Longgang District

作　　者：涂常清 何学森[1] 黄晏珊 李艺艺 TU Changqing;HE Xuesen;HUANG Yanshan;LI Yiyi(Prevention and Health Care Management Office,Longgang Central Hospital,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518116)

机构地区：[1]广东省深圳市龙岗中心医院预防保健管理办公室,广东深圳518116

出　　处：《智慧健康》2022年第28期56-59,63,共5页Smart Healthcare

摘　　要：目的 分析龙岗区95例病残儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,CHD)的流行病学调查结果,旨在为病残儿CHD病因学研究以及临床干预提供参考依据。方法 借助深圳市妇幼保健管理信息系统及医院病案系统,随机选取医院2020年1月-2022年1月1035例病残儿的病历资料进行采集、回访、调查、统计。分析1035例病残儿出生缺陷发生情况,并分析CHD类型分布情况。此外,分析龙岗区病残儿CHD患病率和基本人口学特征,主要内容涵盖性别、母亲生育年龄、母亲孕前体质量指数(BMI),居住地的关系。结果 1035例病残儿中有出生缺陷231例,占比22.32%,其中按照占比从高到低的顺序依次为CHD、睾丸下降不全、先天性聋哑、先天性尿道下裂、先天性唇腭裂、21-三体综合征、先天性外耳道闭锁、先天性眼球震颤,占比分别为41.13%、9.09%、8.23%、7.79%、6.93%、6.06%、5.19%、4.33%。按照占比从高到低的顺序,95例CHD患儿的临床类型包括室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、法洛四联症、房缺室缺、主动脉瓣狭窄、卵圆孔未闭、室缺动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄、房缺伴肺动脉瓣狭窄,占比分别为44.16%、10.39%、9.09%、7.36%、6.49%、3.90%、2.16%、1.30%、1.30%、0.87%。男性病残儿CHD患病率为7.28%,低于女性病残儿的12.15%(P<0.05);母亲生育年龄、母亲孕前BMI、居住地、民族、家族CHD病史、母亲流产史均与病残儿CHD的发生无关(均P>0.05)。结论 龙岗区95例病残儿CHD中以室间隔缺损最为常见,其他类型包括房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、法洛四联症、房缺室缺、主动脉瓣狭窄、卵圆孔未闭、室缺动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄、房缺伴肺动脉瓣狭窄。CHD的发生和病残儿性别密切相关,即女性病残儿发生CHD的风险较高。Objective To analyze the epidemiological investigation results of 95 cases of congenital heart disease(CHD)in disabled children in Longgang District,in order to provide reference basis for the etiological research and clinical intervention of CHD in disabled children.Methods With the help of Shenzhen maternal and child health care management information system and hospital medical record system,the medical records of 1035 sick and disabled children in the hospital from January 2020 to january 2022 were collected,revisited,investigated and counted.The incidence of birth defects in 1035 sick and disabled children and the distribution of CHD types were analyzed.In addition,the prevalence of CHD and basic demographic characteristics of sick and disabled children in Longgang District were analyzed,mainly including the relationship between gender,maternal childbearing age,maternal pre-pregnancy mass index(BMI)and residence.Results There were 231 cases of birth defects in 1035 disabled children,accounting for 22.32%.The order of proportion from high to low was CHD,testicular insufficiency,congenital deaf mute,congenital hypospadias,congenital cleft lip and palate,trisomy 21 syndrome,congenital external auditory meatus atresia,congenital nystagmus,accounting for 41.13%,9.09%,8.23%,7.79%,6.93%,6.06%,5.19%and 4.33%,respectively.According to the order from high to low,the clinical types of 95 children with CHD included ventricular septal defect,atrial septal defect,patent ductus arteriosus,tetralogy of Fallot,atrial septal defect,aortic valve stenosis,patent foramen ovale,patent ductus arteriosus,pulmonary valve stenosis,atrial septal defect with pulmonary valve stenosis,accounting for 44.16%,10.39%,9.09%,7.36%,6.49%,3.90%and 2.16%,1.30%,1.30%,0.87%,respectively.The prevalence of CHD in male disabled children was 7.28%,which was lower than 12.15%in female disabled children(P<0.05);maternal childbearing age,maternal pre pregnancy BMI,place of residence,nationality,family history of CHD and maternal abortion history were not

关 键 词：病残儿 先天性心脏病 龙岗区 流行病学调查 

分 类 号：R725.4[医药卫生—儿科] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]