基于自我效能理论的护理干预对糖尿病饮食自我管理行为的影响  

The Effect of Nursing Intervention Based on Self-efficacy Theory on Diabetic Diet Self-management Behavior

作　　者：高莹 GAO Ying(Department of Internal Medicine,Rongjun Hospital,Dandong 118000,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省荣军医院内科,辽宁丹东118000

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2023年第3期187-188,F0003,共3页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的评价基于自我效能理论的护理干预对糖尿病患者饮食自我管理行为以及血糖水平控制等方面的积极影响。方法选择我院2018年1月至2018年4月收治治疗的110例糖尿病患者,采取随机数字表法进行对照组与观察组护理分组,各55例。对照组糖尿病患者行常规护理,观察组糖尿病患者行基于自我效能理论的护理干预。比较两组糖尿病患者的护理效果,包括自我护理能力评分、血糖水平以及随访2年后的饮食结构情况,以采用一般效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale,GSES)评估患者自我护理能力。结果组间自我护理能力比较,观察组患者干预后自我护理能力评分(140.80±5.20)明显高于对照组,P<0.05;组间血糖水平比较,观察组患者空腹、餐后2 h血糖以及糖化血红蛋白水平均低于对照组,P<0.05;组间饮食情况比较,患者每日主食摄入量、每日蔬菜摄入量、每日水果摄入量、每周喝牛奶次数、每周吃甜食次数、每周食豆制品次数、饮食咸淡情况差异显著,P<0.05。结论基于自我效能理论护理干预在提高患者饮食自我管理行为的基础上促进患者血糖水平控制,提升患者自我护理能力,护理效果显著。Objective To evaluate the positive effects of nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory on dietary self-management behavior and blood sugar level control in diabetic patients.Methods A total of 110 diabetic patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to April 2018 were selected.Random number table method was adopted to group the control group and the observation group,55 cases in each group.The diabetic patients in the control group received routine nursing care,and the diabetic patients in the observation group received nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory.Compare the care effects of the two groups of diabetic patients,including self-care ability scores,blood sugar levels,and dietary structure after 2 years of follow-up,to use the General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)to evaluate patients’self-care ability.Results Comparing the self-care ability between the groups,the self-care ability score(140.80±5.20)of the observation group after intervention was significantly higher than that of the control group,P<0.05.The blood glucose level between the groups was compared,the observation group was fasting,2 h postprandial blood glucose and glycation hemoglobin blood level is lower than the control group,P<0.05.Comparison of diet between the groups,the patient’s daily staple food intake,daily vegetable intake,daily fruit intake,and weekly milk intake,the number of times of eating sweets per week,the number of times of eating soy products per week,and the saltiness of the diet were significantly different,P<0.05.Conclusion Nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory promotes the control of patients’blood glucose level based on the improvement of patients’dietary self-management behavior,and improves the patients’self-care ability,and the nursing effect is significant.

关 键 词：自我效能理论护理干预 糖尿病 血糖水平 饮食自我管理行为 自我护理能力 饮食情况 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]