2020—2021和2021—2022年度流感流行季我国流感疫苗接种政策和接种情况调查  

Investigation on influenza vaccination policy and vaccination situation during the influenza seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 in China

作　　者：赵宏婷 彭质斌[1] 倪兆林[2] 杨孝坤 郭巧云 郑建东[1] 秦颖[1] 张彦平[1] Zhao Hongting;Peng Zhibin;Ni Zhaolin;Yang Xiaokun;Guo Qiaoyun;Zheng Jiandong;Qin Ying;Zhang Yanping(Division of Infectious Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Department of Infectious Disease Control,Yuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yuxi 653100,China;Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention,Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病管理处,北京102206 [2]玉溪市疾病预防控制中心传染病控制科,玉溪653100 [3]河南省疾控预防控制中心地方病预防控制所,郑州450016

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2022年第11期1560-1564,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生应急反应机制运行项目(131031001000210001);中美疾控中心合作项目(5U01IP001106-04-00)。

摘　　要：目的了解2020—2021和2021—2022年度流感流行季我国流感疫苗接种政策和接种现状。方法以县区为单位调查全国流感疫苗接种政策和接种率。对两个流行季流感疫苗接种政策及接种情况进行描述性分析。结果2020—2021和2021—2022年度,我国流感疫苗接种率分别为3.16%和2.47%。其中免费接种政策人群接种率最高(51.75%和38.32%),其次为医保报销政策(9.74%和7.36%)。2021—2022年度,我国实施免费接种政策的县区数较上一年度减少61个,但覆盖人数增加51.29%,绝大多数人群接种率下降,下降较多的依次为医务人员等其他人群(两个流行季分别为75.69%和40.15%)、学龄前儿童(58.86%和26.15%)、老年人(45.71%和32.94%)。2021—2022年度,实施医保报销政策的县区数较上一年度增加6个,覆盖人数增加11.12%,接种率亦有所下降。结论我国流感疫苗接种率低,实施费用优惠政策可提高接种率。Objective To investigate the policies and coverage of influenza vaccine during the influenza epidemic seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 in China.Methods The national influenza vaccination policy and vaccination rate were investigated in counties and districts and described in the two epidemic seasons.Results In the epidemic seasons of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,the vaccination coverage of influenza in China was 3.16%and 2.47%,respectively.The free vaccination policy had the highest vaccination coverage(51.75%and 38.32%),followed by the medical insurance reimbursement policy(9.74%and 7.36%).During the epidemic season of 2021-2022,the number of counties and districts implementing the free vaccination policy in China decreased 61 compared with the previous year,but the number of people covered increased by 51.29%.However,the vaccination coverage of the vast population decreased significantly,with the medical staff(75.69%and 40.15%for two epidemic seasons),preschool children(58.86%and 26.15%),and the elderly(45.71%and 32.94%).During the epidemic season of 2021-2022,the number of counties and districts implementing the medical insurance reimbursement policy increased by 6 compared with the previous year,and the number of people covered increased by 11.12%,but the vaccination coverage decreased.Conclusion The influenza vaccination rate in China is low,and the implementation of cost preferential policy can greatly improve the influenza vaccination rate.

关 键 词：流感疫苗 疫苗接种覆盖率 政策 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学] R186[医药卫生—临床医学]