CRISPR筛选在生命医学研究中的应用  

Application of CRISPR screen in biomedical research

作　　者：刘黎啸 荆耀彬 冀喆君 王思[7] 曲静 张维绮[1,2] 刘光慧 LIU Li-Xiao;JING Yao-Bin;JI Zhe-Jun;WANG Si;QU Jing;ZHANG Wei-Qi;LIU Guang-Hui(CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine,Beijing Institute of Genomics,Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine,Beijing 100101,China;School of Future Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders,Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院北京基因组研究所(国家生物信息中心),中国科学院精准基因组医学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院动物研究所膜生物学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [4]北京干细胞与再生医学研究院,北京100101 [5]中国科学院大学未来技术学院,北京100190 [6]中国科学院动物研究所干细胞与生殖生物学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [7]首都医科大学宣武医院国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心,人脑保护高精尖中心,北京100053

出　　处：《生命科学》2022年第10期1207-1216,共10页Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0804000,2018YFC2000100,2021ZD0202401);中国科学院战略重点研究计划项目(XDA16000000);国家自然科学基金项目(81921006,82125011,92149301,92168201,91949209,92049116,82122024,82071588);腾讯基金项目(2021-1045)。

摘　　要：CRISPR/Cas9是一种高效、便捷的基因编辑工具,在生命科学领域具有广泛的应用。基于CRISPR/Cas9系统构建基因组文库进行高通量筛选,有助于解析不同生物学背景下编码基因的功能和调控元件的特征。覆盖全基因组或特定生物途径的CRISPR筛选支持在不同的遗传背景和时空环境下进行,有助于鉴定关键的生物学靶点,并阐述生理、病理条件下的基因功能及相互作用网络。本文总结了近年来CRISPR筛选在衰老、肿瘤等疾病研究中的重要进展,概述了CRISPR筛选与单细胞测序、功能基因组学等方法相结合的研究策略,并讨论了CRISPR筛选面临的挑战以及可能的解决方案。CRISPR/Cas9 is an efficient and convenient gene-editing tool,which has been widely used in life science.The construction of a genome library based on CRISPR/Cas9 system for high-throughput screening can help to characterize the functions and regulatory elements of coding genes in different biological contexts.Genome-wide or specific biological pathways CRISPR screening supports experiments in different genetic and spatial-temporal settings.CRISPR screening can help identify key biological targets and explore the molecular,cellular,and systemic mechanisms underlying physiological and pathological conditions.Here,we review the important progress of CRISPR screening in the study of aging,tumor,and other diseases in recent years.We also outline the combined application of CRISPR screening with single-cell RNA sequencing,functional genomics,and other approaches.Finally,we discuss potential challenges for CRISPR screening and envision possible solutions.

关 键 词：CRISPR筛选 衰老 肿瘤 单细胞测序 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]