离子吸附型稀土矿绿色高效浸取工艺及原理研究进展  

Development of Leaching Technology and Theory of Ion-Adsorption Type Rare Earth Ore

作　　者：陈昕 贺强[1,2] 陈金发 黄莉 谭传满[1,2] 尹衍权 焦芸芬 肖燕飞 Chen Xin;He Qiang;Chen Jinfa;Huang Li;Tan Chuanman;Yin Yanquan;Jiao Yunfen;Xiao Yanfei(Faculty of Materials Metllurgy and Chemistry,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;Ganzhou Engineering Technology Research Center of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Key Laboratory of lonic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ministry of Natural Resources,Key Laboratory of Testing and Tracing of Rare Earth Products for State Market Regulation,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学材料冶金化学学部,江西赣州341000 [2]赣州市绿色冶金与过程强化工程技术研究中心,自然资源部离子型稀土资源与环境重点实验室,稀土产品检测与溯源国家市场监管重点实验室,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2022年第6期936-947,共12页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2902202,2020YFC1909002);国家自然科学基金项目(52274351,51964018);江西省“双千计划”科技创新高端人才(青年)项目(jxsq2019201116);江西省青年井冈学者奖励计划项目(QNJG2019056);江西省离子型稀土资源绿色开发与高值利用国家重点实验室培育计划(20194AFD44003);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ150664)资助。

摘　　要：离子吸附型稀土矿富含中重稀土,具备极高的开采价值,受到世界各国关注。为解决铵盐浸取过程中存在的稀土浸取效率低和氨氮污染问题,研究者从浸取剂、浸取工艺等角度出发,开发了一系列绿色高效浸取工艺,并在浸取理论研究方面取得了一定的进展。本文从浸取剂、外场和其他类型强化浸取三个方面对离子吸附型稀土矿绿色高效浸取工艺的研究进展进行了阐述;对双电层理论、渗流和浸取动力学、浸取传质的浸取理论研究现状进行了分析,并指出了当前研究的不足。为实现离子吸附型稀土矿绿色高效浸取,后续可以基于双电层模型和渗流动力学等方面的理论,深入研究界面反应机制和溶液渗流扩散行为,据此结合生物浸取、外场强化等手段,开发高效镁盐浸取工艺。Ion-adsorption type rare earth ore is of great interest to numerous countries because it is rich in medium and heavy rare earths,which has high mining value. Focusing on leaching agents,leaching processes and other aspects,a series of green and efficient leaching processes have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of low leaching efficiency and ammonia nitrogen pollution accompanying the ammonium salt leaching process. And some advanced leaching theories have been proposed. This paper summarizes the research progress of green and efficient leaching process of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore from three aspects:leaching agents,external fields and other enhanced leaching techniques. The research status of electric double layer,seepage and leaching kinetics,and leaching mass transfer theories are analyzed. Inadequacies of current research are also pointed out. Subsequently,based on electric double layer theory and seepage dynamics,the interfacial reaction mechanism,seepage and diffusion behaviors should be deeply investigated. Accordingly,combining with biotechnology,external fields,and other means,the advanced magnesium salt leaching process can be developed to realize the green and efficient leaching of ion-adsorption type rare earth ore.

关 键 词：离子吸附型稀土矿 浸取剂 绿色高效 浸取理论 双电层 

分 类 号：TF01[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TD80[矿业工程—矿山开采]