高效的重稀土分离萃取剂——P227  

A Highly Efficient Heavy Rare Earths Extractant——P227

作　　者：余东海 安华英 杜若冰[1] 李林艳[2] 徐盛明[2] 肖吉昌[1,3] Yu Donghai;An Huaying;Du Ruobing;Li Linyan;Xu Shengming;Xiao Jichang(Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry,Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China;Institute of Nuclear&New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海有机化学研究所,中国科学院有机氟化学重点实验室,上海200032 [2]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2022年第6期976-987,共12页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRW-CN-2021-3-2-02);科技部973项目(2012CBA01201);稀土资源利用国家重点实验室开放课题(RERU2021014)资助。

摘　　要：分离是整个稀土产业链的关键一环,溶剂萃取是目前稀土分离的主要方法。萃取剂的性能在很大程度上决定了分离工序的产能、酸碱消耗、产品质量、工艺适用范围以及综合效益等。为了实现高效、绿色的稀土分离,多年来稀土萃取剂的发展一直备受关注。但发展一种新萃取剂必须考虑哪些因素,却缺乏统一参考。文献中报道的高选择性、高容量、易反萃等一种或几种性能优异的有机化合物难以最终成为工业应用的萃取剂。新稀土萃取剂的研发必须综合考虑“9S原则”(即选择性(Separation)、反萃(Stripping)、饱和容量(Saturation)、速率(Speed)、稳定性(Stability)、溶解性(Solubility)、安全性(Safety)、合成(Synthesis)、原料(Source))以及常见杂质影响(即铁、铝、钙、硅等)。本文以P227(二(2-乙基己基)次膦酸)为例,探索了“9S原则”的应用;结合常见杂质的耐受性分析,阐明了P227具有作为重稀土分离萃取剂的潜力。Rare earth separation is the base of the whole rare earth industry. Solvent extraction is the main method of rare earth separation. To a great extent,the performance of the extractant determines the production capacity,acid and base consumption,product quality,technological application range and comprehensive profits of the separation process. In order to achieve efficient and green separation of rare earth,scientists have been focused on the development of rare earth extractants for many years. However,there are no unified and well-recognized standards on what factors must be considered in developing a new extractant. Although some reported organic compounds showed a few excellent properties such as high separation factor,high saturation capacity and stripping ability in laboratory studies,they are difficult to eventually become the industrially applicable extractants. The development of new rare earth extractants must take into account the "9S principle"(i.e.,Separation,Stripping,Saturation,Speed,Stability,Solubility,Safety,Synthesis,Source)and the influence of common impurities(i.e.,iron,aluminum,calcium,silicon,etc.). Herein,P227(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphinic acid)was taken as an example to explore the application of "9S principle". Combined with the tolerance analysis of common impurities,the potential of P227 as an industrial extractant for heavy rare earth separation was illustrated.

关 键 词：9S原则 重稀土分离 萃取剂 P227 

分 类 号：O627.51[理学—有机化学]