国际法院“侵犯主权权利和海洋空间案”中的毗连区问题  

The Contiguous Zone Issues in Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces of the ICJ

作　　者：高健军[1] GAO Jianjun(China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2022年第10期1-12,共12页Pacific Journal

摘　　要：本案是并不常见的涉及毗连区问题的国际判例。国际法院认为1982年《联合国海洋法公约》第33条的规定具有习惯法的性质,并且裁定哥伦比亚的“整体毗连区”不符合习惯国际法,包括毗连区的宽度以及哥伦比亚在其中主张行使的权力。然而国际法院认为哥伦比亚有权在2012年法院判决属于尼加拉瓜的海域内建立毗连区。国际法院在分析中表达了两个可能对国家实践产生重要影响的观点:一是专属经济区划界或单一海洋划界并不当然包含毗连区划界;二是一国有权享有与他国专属经济区重叠的毗连区。然而这些观点值得商榷。将毗连区划界包含在专属经济区划界中是合理的,而单一划界则当然包含对各方毗连区权利的划分。至于他国专属经济区内的毗连区的概念,非但难以为其在专属经济区制度中找到法律依据,而且实践中也不应被接受,因为一国可以在毗连区内行使的权力与沿海国在专属经济区内享有的权利存在重叠的可能性。The Case involves the contiguous zone issue,which has not arisen frequently in the international decisions.The International Court of Justice considers that the provisions of Article 33 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea have the status of customary law,and finds that the“integral contiguous zone”established by Colombia is not in conformity with customary international law,in both the breadth of the contiguous zone and the powers that Colombia claims to exercise therein.However,the International Court of Justice observes that Colombia has the right to establish a contiguous zone within the maritime areas decided by the Court in its 2012 Judgment to appertain to Nicaragua.In its reasoning,the International Court of Justice expresses two views that may produce significant implications in State practice:first,the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone or the single maritime delimitation does not include the delimitation of the contiguous zone automatically;second,a State is entitled to a contiguous zone which may overlap with the exclusive economic zone of another State.Yet,these views are debatable.It is rational for the delimitation of the contiguous zone to be included in the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone,and the single delimitation by its nature delimits the Parties’entitlements to the contiguous zone.As regards the concept of the contiguous zone within the exclusive economic zone of another State,not only is it difficult to find a legal basis in the regime of the exclusive economic zone,but the concept should not be recognized in practice,for there exists possibility that the powers a State may exercise in the contiguous zone overlap with the rights that a coastal State has in the exclusive economic zone.

关 键 词：“侵犯主权权利和海洋空间案” 毗连区 专属经济区 海洋划界 

分 类 号：D993[政治法律—国际法学]