从科学到技术的知识传播机理研究:基于知识基因  

Research on the mechanism of knowledge diffusion from science to technology based on knowledge genes

作　　者：张生太[1] 姬亚俊 仇泸毅 刘娜 Zhang Shengtai;Ji Yajun;Qiu Luyi;Liu Na(School of Economics and Management,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学经济管理学院,北京100876

出　　处：《科研管理》2022年第11期21-31,共11页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:“移动社交网络微信的知识传播机理研究”(71571022,2016—2019)。

摘　　要：基础研究是技术创新的重要源泉。从基础研究到技术创新的知识转化规律具有重要的理论与实践价值。鉴于以往研究中专利引文方法的局限性,本研究基于知识基因这种特殊知识单元,从知识内容流动的视角,定量研究从科学到技术的知识传播机理。以人工智能技术为研究案例,识别技术领域的知识基因和专利引用的5个关键基础学科,研究各学科与技术领域的知识关系。通过构建知识基因的传播级联网络模型,对知识基因从科学到技术的跨领域传播模式进行分析。研究发现:相比于专利科学引文,知识基因流动能够揭示从各学科到技术领域更加真实的知识传播关系;知识基因的短期影响力水平与来源学科有关;知识基因从科学到技术的跨领域传播受到马太效应影响;受异质性知识组合效应的影响,跨领域知识基因在传播网络规模、寿命、影响力及创新“催化”能力方面优于技术领域一般知识基因,后者的产生速度和传播速度则更快。研究结论为进一步深入探究从基础研究到技术创新的知识转化规律提供了微观层面的理论基础,同时,对新兴技术领域的创新预测、基础学科布局以及科技政策制定具有一定参考价值。Basic research is an important source of technological innovation.Research on the law of knowledge transformation from basic research to technological innovation has important significance of both theory and practice.Tracing back to existing research,there are limitations of studying knowledge diffusion with the method of using citation relation among documents.In view of this,the research studies knowledge diffusion mechanism from science to technology from the perspective of content flow based on knowledge genes,a special type of knowledge unit.Taking the technology field of artificial intelligence as a research case,this paper identifies the first five basic disciplines which are cited by patents of technology field,then analyzes the knowledge relationship between the disciplines and the technology field.And the diffusion cascade network model of knowledge genes is constructed to analyze the mode of knowledge diffusion from science to technology.After the research,it is found that compared with citations from patent to scientific paper,the flow of knowledge genes can reflect a more authentic knowledge diffusion relationship between the basic science discipline and technology field.The knowledge diffusion intensity represented by flow of knowledge genes from science subject to technology field which is able to filter out influencing factors such as journal influence,is positively correlated with the knowledge correlation degree between science subject and technology field.The flow of knowledge genes could also describe communication efficiency,knowledge influence characteristics and content characteristics of knowledge spreading course from science discipline to technology.It is shown that the short-term influence level of knowledge genes diffusing from science to technology is related to the science discipline source.By analyzing the network structure of diffusion cascades,it is found that the spreading course of knowledge genes from science to technology is affected by Matthew effect,which shows that the more

关 键 词：科学 技术 知识基因 知识传播 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学] G353.12[文化科学—情报学]