“依清单行政”之辨正  

Correction of"Exert Authority According to List of Administrative Powers"

作　　者：刘启川[1] Liu Qichuan

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2022年第12期52-64,共13页Law Science

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“权责清单法律风险防范机制研究”(项目批准号:21BFX047)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,在依法行政之外,出现了行政机关依据权力清单、责任清单或权责清单从事行政活动的“依清单行政”,对此现象,应当予以警惕。藉由概念范畴的明确性、性质的一致性、规范效力的正当性三个维度的法哲学省思,可以发现“依清单行政”难以成为一个内涵明确、外延周延的概念范畴。权责清单性质的双重性导致其难以实现功能预设,甚至会造成难以估量的制度破坏力,尤其是其“国家强制力”的不确定性和“作用力”的“外化”风险,容易引发“以法之名,行清单之实”的侵害相对人合法权益的不当或违法行为。从根本上说,“依清单行政”根植于和依附于现有法律体系,是依法行政的表现形式之一,表现为面向行政主体的内部行政活动和面向行政相对人的行政承诺。因此,通过制定法律、法规或规章而安置“依清单行政”的“专门立法论”并不妥当。In recent years,the"administration according to list"of administrative organs carrying out administrative activities based on the list of powers,list of powers responsibilities or list of powers and responsibilities outside the administration according to law should be alerted.By considering the three dimensions of legal philosophy:the clarity of the conceptual scope,the consistency of the nature,and the legitimacy of the normative effect,we can find that"administration according to list"can hardly be a conceptual domain with clear connotation and extended denotation.The dual nature of list of powers and responsibilities makes it difficult to achieve its functional presumptions,and may even cause incalculable institutional damage.Especially the uncertainty of its"coercive force of the state"and the risk of"externalization"of its"acting force",which is very likely to cause improper or even illegal acts of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of the concerned person"in the name of the law and do the reality of list".Fundamentally,"administration according to list"is rooted in and attached to the existing legal system,and is one of the manifestations of administration according to law,which is expressed as internal administrative activities for administrative organ and administrative commitments for concerned person.Therefore,it is not feasible to place the"separate legislation theory"of"administration according to list"by formulating laws,regulations or rules and other legislative forms.

关 键 词：权力清单 责任清单 权责清单 依清单行政 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]