壮族人群糖尿病足部溃疡危险因素前瞻性研究  

Prospective study on risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer in Zhuang nationality population

作　　者：谢继萱 戴霞[1] 黄山 黎学颖 杨琼 徐丹青 XIE Ji-Xuan;DAI Xia;HUANG Shan(Nursing Department,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第一附属医院护理部,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《中国老年学杂志》2023年第1期55-59,共5页Chinese Journal of Gerontology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC1305700)。

摘　　要：目的前瞻性研究壮族人群糖尿病足部溃疡发生的危险因素。方法采取整群抽样法选取广西壮族自治区南宁市城市壮族居民作为研究对象,共332例符合纳入标准接受了足部检查并进行了每6个月1次,共为期2年的随访。比较发生足部溃疡患者与未发生足部溃疡患者的一般社会资料与实验室检查结果及糖尿病足风险因子筛查结果。结果34例发生了足部溃疡。发生足部溃疡患者在性别、文化程度、高血压、糖化血红蛋白、眼底病变、糖尿病肾病、周围神经病变、白细胞计数、下肢动脉粥样斑块与未发生溃疡患者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在多因素分析中,病程、体重指数、合并糖尿病肾病、周围神经病变及下肢动脉粥样斑块是影响糖尿病足部溃疡发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。发生足部溃疡患者最常见合并的并发症为下肢动脉粥样斑块(61.8%)及高血压(55.9%)。结论病程长、超重或肥胖、合并糖尿病肾病、周围神经病变及下肢动脉粥样斑块的壮族人群更易发生糖尿病足部溃疡。临床工作中医护人员应进行早期识别提前预防,降低发生率。Objective To prospectively study the risk factors of diabetic foot ulcer in Zhuang nationality population.Methods Cluster sampling was used to select Zhuang residents from Nanning,Guangxi as the research subjects.A total of 332 people who met the inclusion criteria received foot examinations and were followed up every 6 months for a total of 2 years.The general social data of patients with and without foot ulcers were compared with laboratory examination results and screening results of diabetic foot risk factors.Results 34 patients developed foot ulcers.There were significant differences in gender,education level,hypertension,glycosylated hemoglobin,fundus lesions,diabetic nephropathy,peripheral neuropathy,white blood cells,foot mycoinfection,lower limb atherosclerotic plaques between patients with foot ulcer and those without foot ulcer(P<0.05).In multivariate analysis,disease duration,body mass index,combined diabetic nephropathy,peripheral neuropathy and lower limb atherosclerotic plaques were independent risk factors for the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcer(P<0.05).The most common complications in patients with foot ulcer were lower extremity atherosclerotic plaque(61.8%)and hypertension(55.9%).Conclusions The Zhuang nationality population with long course of disease,overweight or obesity,diabetic nephropathy,peripheral neuropathy and lower limb atherosclerotic plaques are more likely to develop diabetic foot ulcer.In clinical work,medical staff should carry out early identification and prevention in advance to reduce the incidence rate.

关 键 词：糖尿病足部溃疡 截肢 壮族人群 

分 类 号：R587.2[医药卫生—内分泌]