权限与权力二分结构下的表见代理责任认定  

Determination of Liability of Apparent Agency in the View of Dichotomy Structure Between Authority and Power

作　　者：陈爱碧 Chen Aibi

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2022年第11期90-105,共16页Law Science

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题“代理权限与权力分离中的第三人信赖保护”(21NDJC086YB)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前关于表见代理责任认定的规则尚不明晰,在责任构成要件及效力问题上存有争议。以传统代理权为前提的表见代理理论将表见代理责任界定为权利外观责任,并就本人因素的界定形成本人可归责性要件、信赖要件以及代理权通知要件三种观点,但其规则及理由并不清晰。传统代理权融合了代理内外部关系,与表见代理的制度目的相冲突。外部授权、代理权法定等方案无法有效解决这一冲突问题,有必要将代理权重构为代理权限与代理权力二分结构。代理权限的存续与范围取决于以代理人为受领人对本人授权意思表示的理解,代理权力的存续与范围取决于以相对人为受领人对代理行为中本人效果意思的理解。在权限与权力二分结构下,表见代理的本质为代理人有代理权力而无相应的代理权限,表见代理责任属于法律行为责任,其构成要件及效力判断适用法律行为规范,表见代理责任认定之困借此得以破解。The rule of apparent agency is not clear enough,which is reflected on debates of its elements and effect.Based on traditional concept of authority,the responsibility of apparent agency is explained as a responsibility derived from the appearance of right,and three different explanations are proposed regarding the element of principal’s behavior.The first requires the imputability of the principal,the second requires reliance of the third party and the third requires principal’s notification of authority.None of them has explained the rule and its reason clearly.Traditional concept of authority mixes inner aspect and outer aspect of agency relationship,which is contradict to the rule of apparent agency.The contradiction can not be resolved by outer authorization or authorization by law,so that the concept of authority should be redefined by separating it into actual authority and apparent authority.The exist and content of actual authority is subject to explanation of principal’s authorization by offeree,which is the agent.The exist and content of apparent authority is subject to explanation of principal’s will in the offer by offeree,which is the third party.In the structure of separating actual authority and apparent authority,apparent agency exists when the agent has apparent authority but has no actual authority correspondingly,the responsibility of apparent agency is a responsibility derived from juristic act,its elements and effect should be defined by the rule of juristic act,thereby difficulties in explaining the rule of apparent agency can be resolved.

关 键 词：代理权 代理权限 代理权力 表见代理 法律行为 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]