商标囤积的体系化规制  

The Systematic Regulation on the Trademark Hoarding

作　　者：戴文骐[1] Dai Wenqi

机构地区：[1]深圳大学法学院

出　　处：《法商研究》2022年第6期170-182,共13页Studies in Law and Business

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CFX053)。

摘　　要：2019年《中华人民共和国商标法》第4条第1款“不以使用为目的的恶意商标注册申请,应当予以驳回”的规定回应了规制商标囤积的需要,但“不以使用为目的”和“恶意”存在解释困境。恶意注册是商标囤积的上位概念,其实质是不为实现商标功能的非诚信注册,外在表现为“超出生产经营活动的需要”,据此可以成为规制恶意注册的一般条款。在此基础上删除2019年《中华人民共和国商标法》第4条第1款中的“恶意”,改为原则/例外规定模式,修正为“不以使用为目的大量申请注册商标,应当予以驳回,有正当理由的除外”。有效规制商标囤积应以维护正当竞争秩序、实现各市场主体商业表达自由的整体性平衡为目的,形成禁止注册事由之间和各规范模块之间的协调体系。相关规定已为“预防性注册”留足规范空间,但认为商标转让不会对恶意注册的认定产生影响的观点并不妥当。The latest Trademark Law amendment added a clause stating “A bad faith application for trademark registration for a purpose other than use shall be rejected”, which responds to the need to strengthen the regulation of trademark hoarding. However, there are interpretation difficulties for “a purpose other than use” and “bad faith”. As a genus concept of trademark hoarding, the essence of bad faith registration is a non-faithful registration which does not realize the trademark function, and the external manifestation is “exceeding the needs of production and business activities”. According to this, the general clause for regulating bad faith registration can be designed. On this basis, the “bad faith” has to be deleted, and a new principle/exception model of the clause should be instructed. Therefore, the new clause should be revised as “a large-scale application for trademark registration for a purpose other than use shall be rejected, except for those with legitimate reasons”. The effective regulation of trademark hoarding should be based on the establishment of a coordination system between the absolute and relative grounds for refusal, as well as the regulations modules of trademark right, so as to maintain the order of fair competition and achieve the holistic balance of the freedom of commercial expression of various market players. The relevant regulations have left enough regulatory space for “preventive registration”. Without distinguishing the specific circumstances, it can not be considered that the assignment of the trademark does not affect the determination of bad faith registration.

关 键 词：商标囤积 恶意注册 商标转让 商标挟持 

分 类 号：D923.43[政治法律—民商法学]