“变戏法”之喻与新知识群体的游民化——《现代史》与鲁迅的“现代史”观  

The Metaphor of“Juggling”and the Nomadization of the New Intellectual Community:The Modern History and LU Xun’s Perception of Chinese Modern History

作　　者：周维东[1] ZHOU Weidong(College of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,成都610065

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期84-92,共9页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“延安时期重要文艺术语的当代意义流变研究”(22BZW139)。

摘　　要：对于鲁迅的文化批评,学界多注意他对于中国传统的批判态度,忽略了其对于“现代”社会的长期批评及整体态度。鲁迅在《现代史》中的“变戏法”之喻,包含了他对于中国社会现代之变的整体判断,揭示出新知识群体在精神上游民化的现实,与其对现代“伪士”的批评有一致之处,但更突出新知识群体知识求新与思想守旧的特征。新知识群体的游民化是中国社会转型中知识群体数量激增和士人精神衰落的必然结果,鲁迅将其作为“现代史”的典型症候,反映出其文化批判的总体立场:不是在新/旧、中/西文化之间进行知识选择,更注重知识更新和文化转型中的精神维度。鲁迅对新知识群体游民化的发现,可以增进学界对传统文化多样形态的认知,也警示了单纯追求注重知识更新可能导致新文化内卷化的危险。Regarding LU Xun’s cultural criticism,most scholars have paid much attention to his critical attitude toward Chinese tradition,but neglected his long-term criticism and holistic attitude toward the“modern”society.LU Xun’s metaphor of“juggling”in the Modern History contains his overall judgment of the modern changes in the Chinese society and reveals the reality of the spiritual nomadization of the new intellectual community.It is consistent with his criticism of the modern“pseudo-scholars”,but highlights the characteristics of the quest for new knowledge and conservative ideology of the new intellectual community.The nomadization of the new intellectual community is the necessary result of the explosion of the community population and the decline of the intellectuals’spirit in the social transformation of China.LU Xun took this as a typical symptom of“modern history”,which reflects his general position of cultural criticism:instead of choosing between old and new,Chinese and Western cultures,he focused more on the spiritual dimension of the updated knowledge and cultural transformation.LU Xun’s discovery of the nomadization of the new intellectual community can enrich the knowledge of the diversified forms of traditional culture in the academic circle,and it also warns that the mere pursuit of updated knowledge may lead to the risk of involution of the new culture.

关 键 词：鲁迅 《现代史》 变戏法 游民化 

分 类 号：I206.6[文学—中国文学]