新闻时间研究:基本概念、运作逻辑与制度化结构——兼论数字时代新闻业的“加速”及其异化  

Journalistic Time:Basic Concepts,Operational Logic,Institutional Structure and Further Discussions on “Acceleration” and Alienation of Journalism in the Digital Age

作　　者：涂凌波[1] 赵奥博 TU Lingbo;ZHAO Aobo(School of Television,Communication University of China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学电视学院

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2022年第10期24-49,共26页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家人才支持计划研究项目“当代中国新闻学的思想资源、理论范式与话语体系研究”(项目编号:WRJH202101)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：新闻活动(系统)中的“时间”究竟意味着什么尚缺乏充分的理论解释。基于时间社会学和社会系统论的视角,时间是现代社会系统中的根本性存在,也是解释现代新闻业运作、新闻传播主体关系的基础问题。新闻时间是时间的面向之一,在类型上属于社会时间,但具有“时间的社会性”和“时间的媒介性”双重特征。关于新闻时间的理论阐释至少包括四个方面:其一,新闻时间是新闻机构在运作过程中的行动参照机制,用来协调新闻传播主体(行动者)之间的新闻交往与社会行动;其二,新闻时间是一种标准化、时序化的结构,建立起个体与世界的稳定秩序和时间预期;其三,新闻时间是现代新闻业的时间制度,在新闻时间逻辑的支配下,现代新闻业处于一种“永不停歇”的循环状态中;其四,新闻时间具有典型的社会属性,影响人们的日常生活节奏、时间观念、新闻交往、社会行动。在数字时代,“加速新闻业”的实质就是新闻时间逻辑的异化,并由此引发了新闻传播主体间关系、新闻本体的危机,加速状态下的新闻时间是“空虚”的时间,是“没有时间的存在”。What “time” means in the journalism activities(systems) is still lacking in adequate theoretical explanation. Based on the perspective of sociology of time and social system theory,time is a fundamental existence in modern social systems and a key issue in explaining the operation of modern journalism. Journalistic time is one of the aspects of time, while revealing its duality in both “sociality of time” and “mediality of time”. The theoretical interpretation of journalistic time includes at least four aspects: first, journalistic time is the reference mechanism of action in the operation of news organizations, which is used to coordinate news intercourse and social action among subjects(actors);second, journalistic time is a standardized, chronological structure that establishes a stable order and temporal expectation of the individual and the world;third, journalistic time is the time institution during the development of modern journalism, and under the domination of the logic of journalistic time, modern journalism is in a “never-ending”cycle;fourth, journalistic time has typical social attributes, affecting people’s daily life rhythm,time perception, news intercourse and social action. In the digital era, the essence of “accelerated journalism” is the alienation of the logic of journalistic time, which has led to the crisis in the inter-subjective relationship among news communication and of journalism ontology, and the accelerated journalistic time is “empty” time, or “timeless time”.

关 键 词：新闻时间 社会时间 数字新闻 社会世界 “加速”新闻业 

分 类 号：G210.7[文化科学—新闻学]