契约文书的归户性研究方法  

Arrangement and Research Method of Contract Documents by Family

作　　者：冯学伟 Feng Xuewei

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《法制与社会发展》2022年第6期97-120,共24页Law and Social Development

摘　　要：契约文书的归户性研究方法是矫正文书研究“碎片化”和“同质化”弊端的新路径,包括归户性整理和具体研究时的归户性思维。归户性整理即在文书整理时,以户为单位,按文书本身产生和收存的自然顺序进行编排。这种整理方法能够充分挖掘出各相关文书间的彼此联系,使得各文书的特有信息可以彼此借用,减少无形信息流失,增强文书的学术价值。具体研究时的归户性思维是指把契约文书放到深广的历史背景中考察,为文书加入宗族的观念、区域的视角、秩序的维度,而不只是就契约文本进行简单的分类和归纳。具体方法有三:首先,结合方志、碑刻等相关文献绘制人物关系图,理清人物关系。其次,划分结构单元,使文本中隐含的诉讼过程、交易程序、人物关系进一步突显出来,以便考察契约与身份的关系、当事人的契约观念、民间交易实态等深层次的问题。最后,进行田野考察并与相应区域的民事习惯进行对比研究,互相印证,互相发明,展现出传统社会民事法律秩序的真实样态。The arrangement and research method of contract documents by family is a new way to rectify the shortcomings of“fragmentation”and“homogenization”in document research,including the arrangement of contract documents by family and the thinking of contract documents by family in specific research.The arrangement by family refers to the arrangement of documents in the natural order of their generation and storage.This sorting method can fully explore the relationship between the relevant documents,and the unique information of the documents can be borrowed from each other.So,it can reduce the loss of intangible information,and thus enhance the academic value of the documents.The thinking of returning to households in the specific research refers to putting the contract documents into a deep and broad historical background,adding the concept of clan,regional perspective,and order dimension to research on contract documents,rather than simply classifying and summarizing the contract texts.There are three specific methods.First,we should draw a character relationship map and clarify it by combining local chronicles,inscriptions and other relevant documents.Secondly,we should divide the structural units to further highlight the litigation process,transaction procedure and character relationship implied in the texts,so as to investigate the deep issues such as contract and identity,the contract conception of the parties,and the reality of private transactions.Finally,we can conduct field investigation and comparative study with the civil customs in the corresponding areas,verify and invent each other,thus showing the true states of the civil legal order in the traditional society.

关 键 词：契约文书 归户性 人物关系 划分结构单元 民事习惯 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学]