真空电弧炉及凝壳炉的控制技术进展  

Progress in the Control Technology of Vacuum Arc Remelting Furnace and Vacuum Arc Skull Casting Furnace

作　　者：宋青竹 鄂东梅 王玲玲 乔忠路 张哲魁 孙足来 SONG Qing-zhu;E Dong-mei;WANG Ling-ling;QIAO Zhong-lu;ZHANG Zhe-kui;SUN Zu-lai(Shenyang Vacuum Technology Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110042,China;SAC/TC 18,Shenyang 110042,China;National Vacuum Equipment Quality Inspection and Testing Center,Shenyang 110042,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳真空技术研究所有限公司,辽宁沈阳110042 [2]全国真空技术标准化技术委员会,辽宁沈阳110042 [3]国家真空设备质量检验检测中心,辽宁沈阳110042

出　　处：《真空》2022年第6期1-9,共9页Vacuum

基　　金：2020年工信部高质量发展专项***项目;2022年辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(1639638850521);辽宁省揭榜挂帅科技攻关专项(2021JH1/10400068)。

摘　　要：综述了真空电弧炉和真空凝壳炉的工作原理和国内外发展现状。介绍了真空电弧重熔(VAR)工艺控制技术发展情况,并指出电弧检测与调控对大型真空凝壳炉安全运行的重要意义。虽然,熔速控制实现了熔池糊状轮廓的稳定。但是,电弧运动改变了熔池的热量分布。基于熔速控制的电弧分布状态优化,是制造高品质铸锭的基础和工艺装备的发展方向。根据电弧运动特性,将电弧分布模型划为四类:集中、扩散、偏心和旋转。其中,扩散电弧分布模型对改善熔池轮廓和提升铸锭品质的作用明显。将VAR控制技术分为电弧分布、熔池特性和凝固过程三个组成部分。针对电弧的电磁特性,利用磁场对电弧分布进行检测和调控,将为VAR工艺带来新的技术革新。配有霍尔效应磁场传感器阵列和亥姆霍兹线圈的控制系统已应用在工业生产装备中,验证了控制系统对电弧检测与调控的有效性。The working principle and development development status of vacuum arc remelting furnace and vacuum control arc skull casting and furnace are the described.important This paper introduces of the of vacuum arc remelting(VAR) safe technology large technology,skull points out the significance arc detection and regulation for the operation of vacuum arc arc furnace.Although melt of rate control realizes the stability of of the profile of the melt pool melt mushy.rate However,the motion changes direction the heat high distribution the pool.process The optimization arc distribution to state based on control the is the development of quality four ingots and equipment.According eccentric the arc motion The characteristics,distribution arc distribution model plays is divided obvious into categories:concentrated,profile diffusive,pool and rotating.ingots.model of diffusive arc an role in improving the pool and of melt and the quality of VAR control the technology is divided into three of components:arc,arc field distribution,is melt detect Hall characteristics regulate and arc solidification distribution,process.which Aiming bring at new electromagnetic characteristics magnetic The used to the will technological has innovation to VAR process.VAR control verify system the with effect of magnetic control field system sensor in array and Helmholtz and coils been applied in industrial furnace to effectiveness the arc detection regulation.

关 键 词：真空电弧重熔 真空凝壳炉 熔速控制 熔滴控制 电弧分布 亥姆霍兹线圈 

分 类 号：TF13[冶金工程—冶金物理化学] TG249[金属学及工艺—铸造]