星载SAR海面风场遥感研究进展  

Review of remote sensing of sea surface wind field by space-borne SAR

作　　者：范开国 徐青[2] 徐东洋[1] 谢华荣 宁珏 黄建国 FAN KaiGuo;XU Qing;XU DongYang;XIE HuaRong;NING Jue;HUANG JianGuo(Army 32021,PLA,Beijing 100094,China;College of Marine Technology,Faculty of Information Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Oceanography,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;School of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410015,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军32021部队,北京100094 [2]中国海洋大学信息科学与工程学部,青岛266100 [3]河海大学海洋学院,南京210098 [4]国防科技大学气象海洋学院,长沙410015

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2022年第5期1807-1817,共11页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41976163)资助。

摘　　要：海面风场是研究海洋环境的重要参数,是物理海洋和海洋气象学中最基本、最重要的要素之一.传统的海面风场测量方法测量范围小、测点少,且易受到天气条件的限制.随着遥感技术的发展,人们越来越注重利用机载或星载传感器对海面风场进行遥感探测.星载微波散射计是迄今为止最主要的海面风场传感器,但难以满足某些高分辨率风场数据的应用需求,尤其是不能满足近岸海区的观测要求.星载SAR具有较高的空间分辨率,能够提供大范围、精细化的海面风场信息.目前,星载SAR已成为海面风场研究的重要技术手段之一.本文首先从SAR海洋遥感基本原理出发,阐述了SAR海面风场的遥感探测机理,展示了利用SAR遥感图像遥感探测海面风场的可行性.其次,通过风条纹形成机理与风条纹与海面风向之间的关系分析,给出了国内外利用SAR遥感图像风条纹开展海面风向遥感探测的研究进展.同时,重点针对C波段VV极化、HH极化、交叉极化,X波段VV极化、HH极化和L波段SAR海面风场遥感反演地球物理模式函数,以及基于理论模型、入射角差异、方位向波数截断和神经网络等的其他多种SAR海面风速反演模型进行了系统梳理分析与对比;并对最优化方法、M-NRCS方法、双极化方法等SAR海面风向风速同步遥感探测方法进行了简要介绍.最后,针对目前SAR海面风场遥感研究存在的问题和今后有待探索的方向进行了总结与展望.Sea surface wind field is not only an important parameter in the study of marine environment,but also one of the most fundamental elements in physical oceanography and marine meteorology.Traditional methodologies for measuring sea surface wind field have the limitations of narrow spatial coverage and few measurement points and are greatly affected by weather conditions.With developing remote sensing technologies,alternative methods using air-borne or space-borne sensors to remotely sense sea surface wind fields have drawn more research attention.So far,the space-borne microwave scatterometer has become the mainstream sensor for measuring sea surface wind field,but it fails in meeting the demands of high-resolution applications,especially those measurement requirements involving inshore areas.Space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)has high spatial resolution and can provide large-scale and fine sea surface wind field information.Now,space-borne SAR has become one of the most important sensors for studying sea surface wind fields.In this paper,we first describe the fundamental principle and mechanism of SAR remote sensing of sea surface wind field,which demonstrates the potential of sea surface wind measurement with SAR.By analyzing the generation mechanism of wind streaks and the relation between the wind streak and wind direction,we then introduce the state-of-the-art studies on sea surface wind direction estimation from SAR.The SAR wind speed retrieval methods are also systematically reviewed.We conduct a comprehensive analysis and comparison of Geophysical Model Functions(GMFs)for retrieving the sea surface wind speed from SAR working at various bands(C,X and L)and polarizations(VV,HH,VH/HV),and many other wind speed measuring models such as the theoretical model,incidence angle difference method,azimuth wave number truncation method and neural networks.The optimization method,Multiple-Normalized Radar Backscatter Cross Section(M-NRCS)method and dual-polarization method for simultaneous SAR remote sensing of

关 键 词：合成孔径雷达 海面风场 遥感探测 

分 类 号：P229[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程] P738[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]