社区老年人体适能年龄模型的构建及验证  

Construction and validation of the physical fitness age model for community-dwelling elderly people

作　　者：徐静[1] 李娇娇[1] 陈雅[1] 徐丹[1] 陈雨菲[1] 施旻昊 孟红燕[1] 王丽[1] Xu Jing;Li Jiaojiao;Chen Ya;Xu Dan;Chen Yufei;Shi Minhao;Meng Hongyan;Wang Li(School of Nursing,Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学苏州医学院护理学院,苏州215006

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2022年第34期4725-4731,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81501944);苏州大学人文社会科学科研项目(21XM2012)。

摘　　要：目的:构建社区老年人体适能年龄模型并进行验证,以期为老年人健康评估和康复指导提供新的方法及参考依据。方法:采用多阶段分层抽样,选取2021年3-9月苏州市6个区(吴中区、姑苏区、相城区、吴江区、虎丘区和工业园区)的794名社区卫生老年人为研究对象。由经过统一培训的研究生采用统一的监测工具,在指定的社区卫生服务中心对研究对象进行机体功能评估和体适能测试。采用主成分分析法构建体适能年龄模型,并根据简易机体功能评估得分划分高身体功能和低身体功能人群,以验证模型评价效果。结果:本研究最终纳入2 min踏步测试、30 s座椅站立测试、肱二头肌屈举测试和"起立-步行"计时测试(TUGT)4个指标用于构建体适能年龄模型,模型公式为体适能年龄=-0.126×2 min踏步测试-0.612×肱二头肌屈举测试-0.625×30 s座椅站立测试+1.855×TUGT+0.51×年龄+55.29。模型验证结果显示,高身体功能组社区老年人的体适能年龄低于年龄,差异有统计学意义( P<0.01);低身体功能组社区老年人的体适能年龄高于年龄,差异有统计学意义( P<0.01)。研究结果与研究假设一致,提示该模型合理有效。 结论:构建的社区老年人体适能年龄模型可反映老年人身体功能衰退情况,可用于老年人健康评估和康复指导建议,可作为社区和居家医疗护理服务的评价指标。Objective To construct and validate the physical fitness age model for community-dwelling elderly people,so as to provide new methods and reference for the health assessment and rehabilitation guidance of the elderly.Methods From March to September 2021,794 community-dwelling health people in six districts of Suzhou(Wuzhong District,Gusu District,Xiangcheng District,Wujiang District,Huqiu District and Industrial Park)were selected by multi-stage stratified sampling.Postgraduates who received unified training used unified monitoring tools to assess the physical function and physical fitness of the subjects in the designated community health service centers.Principal component analysis was used to construct a physical fitness age model.According to the scores of Short Physical Performance Battery,people with high physical function and people with low physical function were divided to verify the effectiveness of the model evaluation.Results A total of four indicators,including 2-min step test,30 s chair stand test,biceps flexion and lift test,and time up and go test(TUGT),were finally included to build a physical fitness age model.The model formula was physical fitness age=-0.126×2-min step test-0.612×biceps flexion and lift test-0.625×30 s chair stand test+1.855×TUGT+0.51×age+55.29.The model validation showed that the physical fitness age of the community-dwelling elderly people of the high physical function group was lower than the age,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The physical fitness age of the community-dwelling elderly people of the low physical function group was higher than that of the age,and the difference was also statistically significant(P<0.01).The research results were consistent with the research assumptions,suggesting that the model was reasonable and effective.Conclusions The construction of the physical fitness age model for community-dwelling elderly people can reflect the decline of the elderly's physical function,can be used for the elderly's health assessment an

关 键 词：老年人 社区 体适能年龄 模型构建 

分 类 号：R473.2[医药卫生—护理学]