笔谈:突出普遍价值命题下的中国考古学话语建构  

Discussion:The Construction of Chinese Archaeological Discourse under the Outstanding Universal Value Proposition

作　　者：陈同滨[1] 李敏[1] 高星[2] 曹兵武 徐坚 陈胜前 李新伟[6] 秦岭[7] Chen Tongbin;Li Min;Gao Xing;Cao Bingwu;Xu Jian;Chen Shengqian;Li Xinwei;Qin Ling(Institute of Architectural History,China Architecture Design Institute,Beijing,100120,China;Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100044,China;China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing,100029,China;School of Cultural Heritage and Information Management,Shanghai University,Shanghai,200444,China;School of History,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872,China;Institute of Archaeology,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]中国建筑设计研究院建筑历史研究所,北京100120 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [3]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [4]上海大学文化遗产与信息管理学院,上海200444 [5]中国人民大学历史学院考古文博系,北京1100872 [6]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100101 [7]北京大学考古文博学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2022年第6期4-17,共14页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：持续的考古发掘和研究在认定考古遗址的突出普遍价值和文化遗产保护利用过程中发挥着越来越重要的作用。《世界遗产公约》以及由之引发的世界性遗产自觉,正是人类对历史与遗产探索、认知的一个突出的体现。经过一百年的发展,现今的考古学已经不完全是传统意义上考古学家的考古了。考古遗址和文物所荷载的信息不仅是考古学等相关学科的研究资料,也是公众进行文化实践、文化与文明交流互鉴,以及社会发展的宝贵资源。“突出的普遍价值”之问的提出正当其时。所有跃跃欲试(申遗)的考古遗址都不得不面对这个拷问:一个或者一组具有特定的时间、空间和文化特征的遗址如何具备超越自身,超越区域和国家的价值。基于在地经验,提出可以广泛验证和修正的通则的全球考古学之路,正是当下的中国考古学可以追求的。而确立以公共性为中心的文化遗产保护与利用则有助于我们超越西方考古学的公共考古概念。对遗址的各项价值特性开展国内外同期同类遗产的充分对比分析,也能为考古遗址迅速建立起一个以全人类文明视野为背景框架的参照坐标系,从而大大提升我们的研究视野。站在中国考古新百年和世界遗产“下一个五十年”开启的节点上,中国考古遗址放之世界遗产视野的价值讨论,既有承上启下的意义,也意在建立与遗产保护利用更密切的共生关系。Ongoing archaeological excavations and studies have played increasingly important roles in identifying the Outstanding Universal Value of archaeological sites and in protecting and utilizing cultural heritage.Identifying the value of artefacts through archaeological discoveries and studies is the most basic component of value determination for artefacts in the cultural heritage industry.After 100 years’development,archaeology today is no longer about the traditional archaeological activities carried out by archaeologists.Information contained in archaeological sites and artefacts is the research materials for archaeology and other related disciplines,and serve as valuable resources for public cultural activities,exchanges and learning between cultures and civilizations,and social development.Analyzing the Outstanding Universal Value is highly relevant at this time.All the archaeological sites to be considered as candidates for world heritage need to consider the question:how one site or a series of sites with unique temporal,spatial and cultural features gain the value beyond its/their intrinsic value,region and country?The question about Outstanding Universal Value has made the existing inter-generational upgrading of archaeology in China clearer,which corresponds to the emerging global archaeology.New ideas should be sought after based on the development trend of archaeology as a discipline.China’s archaeology still has much potential to contribute to the establishment of global archaeological paradigm.To carry out thorough comparison analysis of various attributes of heritage sites of the same period and category at home and abroad will also help us to establish a reference system from the perspective of human being’s civilization and thus extend the scope of our research.

关 键 词：突出普遍价值 考古遗址 价值特征 对比分析 遗产价值 世界遗产名录 公共性 全球考古学 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]