美国可否动用301条款解决他国汇率问题?  

Can the U.S. Apply Section 301 to Solve Other Countries’ Exchange Rate Problems?

作　　者：李理想 Li Lixiang

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2022年第4期111-124,共14页Journal of International Economic Law

摘　　要：2020年10月至2021年7月,美国贸易代表办公室动用301条款解决越南盾汇率问题是美国解决他国汇率问题的崭新实践趋势。当下无论在汇率还是国际贸易领域都存在相关国际法制度,美国动用301条款解决他国汇率问题不仅受301条款本身要件的限制,还有悖于《IMF协定》确立的汇率制度,有违DSU第23条和GATT 1944第1.1条、第2.1条之规定。本世纪以来,美国不断对人民币汇率发出指控而不能如愿,难免会动用301条款解决人民币汇率问题,对此,我国可综合运用政治和法律解决方法予以纾解,同时还应不断推动人民币国际化以作应对。The use of Section 301 by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative to address the exchange rate of the Vietnamese dong during the period October 2020—July 2021 is a brand new trend in U.S. practice to address exchange rate issues of other countries. At present, there is a relevant international law regime for both exchange rate and international trade area. The use of Section 301 to solve the exchange rate problem of other countries not only fails to meet the requirements of Section 301, but also violates the exchange rate system established by the IMF Agreement, Article 23 of the DSU and Articles 1.1 and 2.1 of GATT 1944. Since this century, the U.S. has repeatedly launched accusations against the RMB exchange rate and failed to get what it wants, so it is inevitable that Section 301 will be used to solve the RMB exchange rate problem. We can use a combination of political and legal methods to solve the problem, and also promote the internationalization of the RMB to deal with it.

关 键 词：301条款 汇率 IMF DSU GATT 1994 

分 类 号：D996.2[政治法律—经济法学]