浅析中国湿地保护管理中的三种主流湿地定义  

A Preliminary Analysis of Three Mainstream Wetland Definitions in Wetland Conservation and Management in China

作　　者：袁军 史良树 唐小平 YUAN Jun;SHI Liangshu;TANG Xiaoping(Academy of Inventory and Planning,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100013,P.R.China;China Land Surveying and Planning Institute,Beijing 100035,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局林草调查规划院,北京100013 [2]中国国土勘测规划院,北京100035

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第5期607-612,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家林业和草原局自主研发计划项目(LC-2-07)资助。

摘　　要：对湿地定义的不同理解是长期困扰中国湿地管理的一个问题。湿地是水域与陆地之间的过渡区域,其本质特征是永久或间断性被水淹覆或者生长季土壤含水量处于饱和状态,这是目前中国湿地保护管理中三种主流湿地定义的科学基础。第三次全国国土调查的湿地定义和《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》的湿地定义都是在《湿地公约》的湿地定义基础上,为了满足国内管理需求衍生发展而来。对这三种湿地定义的内涵和外延进行了分析和比较。《湿地公约》的湿地定义的倡导性质,使其对湿地边界没有也没有必要做出严格规定,第三次全国国土调查和《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》的湿地定义的管理属性都需要明确精准的湿地边界。《湿地公约》的湿地定义包括的湿地范围最广,完全包含了第三次全国国土调查和《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》的湿地定义规定的湿地范围。第三次全国国土调查的湿地定义与《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》的湿地定义并非绝对的包含与被包含关系,只有“具有显著生态功能的”第三次全国国土调查的湿地地类和湿地相关地类才能归入《中华人民共和国湿地保护法》的湿地范畴。Different appreciation of wetland definition is a problem which has puzzled wetland management in China for a long time. Wetlands are transitional zones between water and land. Its essential characteristics are constant or recurrent inundation, or soil saturation in the growing season. This is the scientific basis for the three mainstream wetland definitions in wetland conservation and management in China. The wetland definition of the Third National Land Survey(hereinafter referred to as the‘Third-survey Definition’) and the definition of the Wetland Conservation Law of the People’s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the‘Legal Definition’) have been developed from the wetland definition of the Convention on Wetlands(hereinafter referred to as the‘Convention Definition’) to meet the domestic management needs. The connotation and denotation of these three wetland definitions are comparatively analyzed in this paper. Due to its advocacy nature, the Convention Definition doesn’t need to make precise provisions on wetland boundaries. The management attributes of the Third-survey Definition and the Legal Definition require clear and accurate interpretation on wetland boundaries. The Convention Definition has the broadest scope, fully including the scope of the two domestic wetland definitions. The Third-survey Definition and the Legal Definition don’t present an absolute inclusion relationship because only wetland categories and wetland related land categories identified by the Third National Land Survey, which have‘significant ecological functions’ can be classified as wetlands under Legal Definition.

关 键 词：湿地 湿地定义 湿地公约 第三次全国国土调查 湿地保护法 

分 类 号：P931[天文地球—自然地理学]