中国图们江中游和下游流域不同类型湿地中迁徙水鸟多样性研究  

Diversity of Migratory Waterbirds in Different Types of Wetlands in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Tumen River of China

作　　者：王馨凝 续文宇 姚纪元[3] 沈超 楚云华 金日[4,5] 王海涛[1,2] WANG Xinning;XU Wenyu;YAO Jiyuan;SHEN Chao;CHU Yunhua;JIN Ri;WANG Haitao(Jilin Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics,School of Life Sciences,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,P.R.China;Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,P.R.China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,Jilin,P.R.China;Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Changbai Mountain Wetland Ecosystem Function and Ecological Security,Yanbian University,Yanji 133002,Jilin,P.R.China;College of Geography and Ocean Sciences,Yanbian University,Hunchun 133300,Jilin,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省鸟类生态与保护遗传工程实验室,东北师范大学生命科学学院,吉林长春130024 [2]吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,东北师范大学,吉林长春130024 [3]吉林农业大学动物科学与技术学院,吉林长春130118 [4]长白山湿地生态系统功能与生态安全吉林省重点实验室,延边大学,吉林延吉133002 [5]延边大学地理与海洋科学学院,吉林珲春133300

出　　处：《湿地科学》2022年第5期622-627,共6页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项项目(2019FY101703);中华秋沙鸭保护关键技术指标体系的建立与应用项目(2021C022);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830643)资助。

摘　　要：在中国境内的图们江中游和下游流域6种类型湿地中,布设了84个水鸟观察点,于2021年3月中旬至4月中旬和10月中旬至11月中旬,开展迁徙水鸟调查,研究了不同类型湿地中迁徙水鸟群落的多样性,并进行了比较。研究结果表明,在沼泽、湖泊、河流、水库、池塘和稻田的水鸟观察点,共记录7目12科47种迁徙水鸟;在自然湿地(沼泽、湖泊和河流)中,记录了7目11科43种的迁徙水鸟,在人工湿地(水库、池塘和稻田)中,记录了6目11科37种迁徙水鸟;比较6种类型湿地中迁徙水鸟群落的Shannon-Winner指数、功能多样性指数、系统发育多样性指数和保护价值指数值发现,自然湿地维持迁徙水鸟群落多样性的功能强于人工湿地,但是河流中迁徙水鸟群落的系统发育多样性指数和保护价值指数值小于池塘和水库,说明人工湿地在维持迁徙水鸟群落多样性方面发挥了支撑作用。We surveyed 84 observation sites along the middle and lower reaches of Tumen River of China including 6 types of wetlands to count migration waterbirds from mid-March to mid-April and mid-October to mid-November, 2021, and compared bird diversity among variety wetlands. A total of 47 species of waterbirds for 7 orders and 12 families were recorded in the marshes, lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and rice fields. We recorded 7 orders 11 families 43 species and 6 orders 11 families and 37 species of migration waterbirds in natural and artificial wetlands respectively. We found that natural wetlands performed better than artificial wetlands in maintaining migration waterbirds diversity by comparing the values of Shannon-Winner diversity,functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity and conservation indexes. However, the phylogenetic diversity index and conservation index of migration waterbirds were lower than those in the ponds and reservoirs,which indicated that artificial wetlands played a supporting role in maintaining diversity of migration waterbirds.

关 键 词：水鸟 迁徙 多样性 自然湿地 人工湿地 图们江 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]