儿童语言获得视角下的句法演化研究——以古今汉语句法结构层级的发展为例  

A Study of the Diachronic Change of Syntax in Chinese from the Perspective of Child Language Acquisition

作　　者：杨萌萌 胡建华[1] Yang Meng-meng;Hu Jian-hua(Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《外语学刊》2022年第6期66-72,共7页Foreign Language Research

基　　金：中国社会科学院“登峰战略”资助计划“心理语言学——语言的获得与发展”特殊学科的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从儿童语言获得的视角探讨古今汉语句法结构层级的发展情况。儿童句法结构的获得遵循着从VP层和CP层两头向中间IP层的虚实对称双向生长模式;古今汉语句法结构层级的发展,也可以通过这一双向生长模式来解释。古今汉语均具备发达的VP层和CP层,古今汉语句法结构层级的发展,集中体现为中间的IP层的发展:IP层从上古汉语的萌芽状态发展至今,逐步发展出情态范畴、体貌范畴,并以体貌范畴限定事件,以间接的方式确立时间指称。汉语不具备语法意义上的时态范畴,因此现代汉语的IP层仍然不是完整的IP层。This paper argues that the diachronic change of syntactic structures in Chinese can be investigated from child language acquisition. It is shown that the Bidirectional Growth Model of human language, though proposed to capture the language development of children, can also be applied to the analysis of the diachronic change or historical development of syntactic structures.It is found that although VP and CP are full-fledged in both Old Chinese and Contemporary Chinese, these two languages(i.e., languages of different historical periods) differ greatly with respect to their INFL system. In Old Chinese, IP is quite underdeveloped since there seems to be only a nonfinite INFL in the IP domain. On the contrary, Contemporary Chinese has a much richer INFL system composed of Aspect and Modality, though Tense is still missing in its IP domain. Therefore, IP in Contemporary Chinese is much more developed as compared with that in Old Chinese. In this sense, syntactic structures in Chinese have been evolving in a way as predicted by the Bidirectional Growth Model, with VP and CP as the two initial starting points in Old Chinese, which has developed into a later stage termed as Contemporary Chinese in which VP and CP are connected by a relatively richer INFL system.

关 键 词：双向生长模式 儿童语言获得 语言历时演变 句法结构 CP层 IP层 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]