累积噪声暴露对作业工人高频听力损失的影响  

Effect of cumulative noise exposure on high frequency hearing loss workers

作　　者：张丽江[1] 田冬林 刘军[1] 张璞 王效燕 卢耀勤[1] ZHANG Li-jiang;TIAN Dong-lin;LIU Jun;ZHANG Pu;WANG Xiao-yan;LU Yao-qin(Department of Occupational Disease Control,Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xinjiang 830002,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治科,新疆830002 [2]乌鲁木齐市经开区第二人民医院

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2022年第5期368-372,共5页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：2019年乌鲁木齐市卫生健康委科技计划项目(201926)。

摘　　要：目的探讨噪声作业工人累积噪声暴露对高频听力损失的影响,为企业开展噪声危害控制,加强个人防护提供依据。方法2018年12月-2019年9月,采用方便抽样方法,选择机械制造、煤炭、电力、石油行业接触噪声工龄≥1 a的8360名作业工人作为研究对象。组织开展职业健康检查,测量工作场所噪声强度,计算累积噪声暴露量,分析不同企业接触噪声作业工人高频听力损失的影响因素。结果8360名噪声作业工人高频听力损失检出率为4.5%。高频听力损失检出率男性(5.2%)高于女性(1.6%)(χ^(2)=53.960,P<0.01)。随着年龄和工龄的增长,高频听力损失的检出率呈趋势性升高(年龄的检出率为0.0%~7.4%,工龄的检出率为3.5%~5.7%,),不同年龄和不同工龄噪声作业工人高频听力损失检出率比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=57.549,P<0.01;χ^(2)=6.336,P<0.05)。高频听力损失检出率煤炭行业最高,为5.2%;石油行业最低,为3.2%。随着累积噪声暴露量的增高,噪声作业工人高频听力损失的检出率呈趋势性升高(2.9%~38.4%),不同累积噪声暴露量的高频听力损失检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=53.960,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,噪声接触工龄、累积噪声暴露量和煤炭行业是高频听力损失的危险因素。结论累积噪声暴露可造成作业工人双耳高频平均听力损伤。加强职业卫生监管,做好职业人群职业卫生防护极为重要。Objective Discuss the effect of cumulative noise exposure on high frequency hearing loss workers and provide a basis for enterprises to carry out noise hazard control and strengthen personal protection.Methods From December 2018 to September 2019,the convenience sampling method was adopted to select 8360 workers in the machinery manufacturing,coal,electric power,and petroleum industries with a working experience of≥1 a who were exposed to noise as the research objects.Influencing factors of high-frequency hearing loss of workers exposed to noise in different enterprises were analyzed by organizing occupational health inspections,measuring the intensity of noise in the workplace,and calculating the cumulative noise exposure.Results The detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss was 4.5%among 8,360 noise workers,which was higher in male(5.2%)than female(1.6%)(χ^(2)=53.960,P<0.01).With age and working experience,the detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss tends to increase(the detection rate of age:0.0%-7.4%,the detection rate of working years:3.5%-5.7%).There were significant differences in the detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss among noise exposed workers of different ages(χ^(2)=57.549,P<0.01)and working years(χ^(2)=6.336,P<0.05).The detection rate of high frequency hearing loss was the highest in coal industry(5.2%)and the lowest in the oil industry(3.2%).With the increase of cumulative noise exposure,the detection rate of high-frequency hearing loss in noise exposed workers tended to increase(2.9%-38.4%).There was significant difference among different cumulative noise exposure(χ^(2)=53.960,P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that noise exposure working years,cumulative noise exposure and coal industry were the risk factors of high-frequency hearing loss.Conclusions Cumulative noise exposure can cause binaural high frequency average hearing loss to workers.Therefore,it is meaningful to strengthen occupational health supervision and occupational health protection.

关 键 词：累积噪声暴露 高频听力损失 影响 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]