河南省北部农区大气氮和硫沉降特征  

Characteristics of Atmospheric Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition in Agricultural Areas of Northern Henan Province

作　　者：骆晓声[1,2,3] 寇长林 郭战玲[1,2,3] LUO Xiaosheng;KOU Changlin;GUO Zhanling(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Eco-environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Yuanyang Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-environment and Arable Land Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture,Yuanyan 453500,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]河南省农业生态环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [3]农业部原阳农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站,河南原阳453500

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第9期136-141,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2020YQ22);自主创新项目(ZHS202104)。

摘　　要：人为活动导致大气氮和硫沉降的增加及其随后产生的诸多不良生态效应。定量农田大气氮和硫沉降输入可以为农田氮硫的养分管理提供参考依据。近年来,国家大气清洁行动对大气活性氮和硫的排放产生了较大影响,然而关于华北农区氮和硫的综合沉降研究并不多见。该研究在河南省北部农区采集大气NH_(3)、NO_(2)和SO_(2)浓度,研究大气PM_(2.5)中PNO_(3)^(-)、PNH_(4)^(+)和PSO_(4)^(2-)浓度的季节变异,定量大气氮和硫干沉降量。采集大气降雨获得大气氮和硫湿沉降量。结果表明:2020年试验点大气NH_(3)、NO_(2)和SO_(2)月平均浓度分别为13.9μg/m^(3)(以N计,下同)、10.38μg/m^(3)和4.1μg/m^(3)(以S计,下同)。大气PM_(2.5)浓度61.3~110.8μg/m^(3),秋冬季PM_(2.5)浓度较高,夏季较低。PNO_(3)^(-)、PNH_(4)^(+)和PSO_(4)^(2-)3种无机离子总和在4个季节中占PM_(2.5)的比例分别为15.0%、37.0%、29.8%和37.0%。PNO_(3)^(-)在秋冬季PM_(2.5)中的比重最大。大气硝态氮、铵态氮和硫的年湿沉降量分别为11.5、8.07和14.36 kg/hm^(2)。大气氮和硫年干沉降量分别为21.39 kg/hm^(2)和6.15kg/hm^(2)。大气硫年沉降量低于小麦和玉米硫的养分吸收量,显示施用硫肥可能对作物具有增产效果。Anthropogenic activities lead to the increase of atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition and many adverse ecological effects.Quantitative input of atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition can provide reference for nutrient management of nitrogen and sulfur in farmland.In recent years,the national air cleaning action has had a great impact on the emission of atmospheric active nitrogen and sulfur,but there are few studies on the comprehensive deposition of nitrogen and sulfur in the agricultural area of North China.In this study,the concentrations of atmospheric NH_(3),NO_(2)and SO_(2)were collected in the agricultural area of northern Henan Province,and the seasonal variation of concentrations of PNO_(3)^(-),PNH_(4)^(+)and PSO_(4)^(2-)in atmospheric PM_(2.5)was studied,and the dry deposition of atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur was quantified.Atmospheric rainfall was collected to obtain atmospheric wet deposition of nitrogen and sulfur.The results showed that the average concentrations of NH_(3),NO_(2)and SO_(2)are 13.9μg/m^(3),10.38μg/m^(3)and 4.1μg/m^(3),respectively.The concentration of PM_(2.5)in the atmosphere is 61.3~110.8μg/m^(3),which is higher in autumn and winter,and lower in summer.The proportion of total inorganic ions of PNO_(3)^(-),PNH_(4)^(+)and PSO_(4)^(2-)to PM_(2.5)in four seasons were 15.0%,37.0%,29.8%and 37.0%,respectively.PNO_(3)^(-)has the largest proportion in PM_(2.5)in autumn and winter.The annual wet deposition of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen and sulfur were 11.5,8.07 and 14.36 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The annual dry deposition of nitrogen and sulfur was 21.39 kg/hm^(2)and6.15 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The annual atmospheric sulfur deposition was lower than the nutrient absorption of wheat and maize,which indicated that applying sulfur fertilizer might increase crop yield.

关 键 词：氮沉降 硫沉降 PM_(2.5) 大气质量 养分 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]