干旱胁迫对吊兰生理特性及光合作用的影响  

Effects of Drought Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Photosynthesis of Chlorophytum comosum

作　　者：夏星 汤寓涵 王晓晓 方紫雯 赵大球[2] 杜茜 Xia Xing;Tang Yuhan;Wang Xiaoxiao;Fang Ziwen;Zhao Daqiu;Du Xi(Collge of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Nanjing Normal University Taizhou College,Taizhou,225300;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology,College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,225009)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学泰州学院化学与生物工程学院,泰州225300 [2]扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,扬州225009

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2022年第22期7591-7597,共7页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31772341)资助。

摘　　要：以盆栽吊兰(Chlorophytum comosum)为材料,研究了自然干旱胁迫对吊兰生理特性及光合作用的影响。结果表明,(1)自然干旱胁迫下,随着土壤相对含水量的降低,吊兰叶片失水发生内卷或折叠至枯萎,叶片相对含水量降低,叶片中过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))和超氧阴离子(O2~-·)积累、叶片相对电导率(REC)升高,质膜遭到系统破坏,质膜过氧化。(2)吊兰的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))均随着干旱胁迫程度的增加而不断降低,表明吊兰在干旱胁迫下P_(n)下降的主要是由气孔限制造成。(3)干旱胁迫下,吊兰的PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))和实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))呈下降趋势,初始荧光(Fo)和非光化学猝灭系数(qN)在第0~24天呈上升趋势,能以热耗散的形式来避免或减轻光能过剩对其系统的损伤。在干旱胁迫24~36 d后qN值下降,光合机构受损严重。本试验条件下,吊兰适宜在土壤相对含水量≥19%的土壤中生长,20℃~30℃的室内干旱胁迫时间不超过24 d。In this experiment,potted Chlorophytum comosum was used as a material to study the effects of natural drought stress on the physiological characteristics and photosynthesis of Chlorophytum comosum.It was shown that:(1)under natural drought stress,with the decrease of soil relative water content,Chlorophytum comosum leaves involuted or folded to wither due to loss of water,the relative water content of the leaves decreased,and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and super oxygen anion(O_(2)^(-)·)accumulated,and the relative electrical conductivity(REC)continued to increased,and the plasma membrane system was destroyed and peroxidized.(2)The net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s))and intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i))of Chlorophytum comosum were all decreasing with the increase of drought stress,indicating that the main factor for the decrease of photosynthesis rate of Chlorophytum comosum was stomatal limitation under drought stress.(3)Under drought stress,PSII maximum photochemical efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m))and actual photochemical efficiency(Φ_(PSⅡ))showed a downward trend,and the initial fluorescence yield(Fo)and non-photochemical quenching of fluorescene(qN)showed an upward trend from 0 to24 days,indicating that it can avoid or reduce the damage to the system by excess light energy in the form of heat dissipation.After 24 days of drought stress,the qN value decreased,indicating that the photosynthetic apparatus was seriously damaged.Under the conditions of this experiment,Chlorophytum comosum is suitable to grow in the soil with relative water content≥19%,and the indoor drought stress time of 20℃~30℃is not more than 24 days.

关 键 词：活性氧 气孔限制 相对电导率 丙二醛 

分 类 号：S682.36[农业科学—观赏园艺]