渤海口虾蛄仔虾季节性分布及其早期补充模式  

Early Recruitment Pattern of Oratosquilla oratoria in Relation to the Seasonal Pattern of Juvenile Occurrence in the Bohai Sea, China

作　　者：关丽莎 单秀娟[1,2,3] 杨涛 吴强[1,2,3] 金显仕 GUAN Lisha;SHAN Xiujuan;YANG Tao;WU Qiang;JIN Xianshi(Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;National Field Observation and Research Center for Changdao Marine Ecosystem,Yantai,Shandong 265800,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,山东省渔业资源与生态环境重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]山东长岛近海渔业资源国家野外观测研究站,山东烟台265800

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2022年第6期168-178,共11页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31902375);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0900906);山东省泰山学者青年专家计划;中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD01)共同资助。

摘　　要：仔虾是口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)早期生活史的重要阶段,其转为底栖生活所需的环境条件及我国近海口虾蛄早期补充模式,仍缺乏了解。基于2017年春季(3-6月)和夏秋季(8-11月)8个航次的渤海渔业资源底拖网调查数据,分析了各月份口虾蛄仔虾(<60 mm)的分布、出现概率和样本量等,并利用广义加性模型筛选出影响仔虾出现概率的主要环境因子。通过文献综述,回顾了我国近海口虾蛄产卵期、胚胎和幼体发育、仔虾生长特性等繁殖特征和早期生长发育历程,结合仔虾季节性分布,阐释渤海口虾蛄群体的早期补充模式。结果发现,春季,仔虾在4-5月出现频次较高,其分布区随水温升高逐步向北扩散或偏移,显著影响其出现概率的环境因子为底层温度、底质平均粒径和粒径偏度;夏秋季,仔虾在9-10月分布广泛,11月趋向斑块化分布、出现频次降低,显著影响因子为底层温度、底层盐度和底质含沙百分比。渤海口虾蛄群体呈现多季节补充模式。其产卵期长达5个月,5-7月产出的受精卵预计在7―9月发育成Ⅰ期仔虾,在9-11月长成全长50mm左右的仔虾;8-9月产出的受精卵,预计在10―11月左右发育成Ⅰ期仔虾,12月至次年3月受低温限制停止生长,在4-5月水温回升时逐步长成50 mm左右的仔虾。Oratosquilla oratoria is a typical commercially exploited stomatopod species that is widely distributed in the coastal waters of the Northwest Pacific. It also plays an important role in structuring the benthic communities and can significantly affect marine nutrient cycling and energy flow through sediment bioturbation. Few studies have been published on the early life stages and recruitment of O. oratoria in natural waters, particularly in Chinese coastal waters. Moreover, despite ample research on the egg and larval development, growth, feeding, reproductivity, and spatial distribution of this species, little is known regarding the habitats required for juvenile O. oratoria when they settle down to the bottom after the planktonic larval stage. In this context, one objective of the present study was to investigate the seasonal distribution of juvenile O. oratoria and its influencing factors. The other objective was to identify the early recruitment pattern of O. oratoria in the Bohai Sea based on the seasonal pattern of its juvenile occurrence and published literature on the spawning,embryonic and larval development, and growth of this species.Data used to achieve these objectives were mainly collected from eight monthly cruises of bottom trawl surveys for fisheries resources in spring(i.e., March to June) and summer to fall(i.e., August to November) of 2017. The same pair of bottom trawlers was used in all surveys, following consistent sampling protocols. O. oratoria catches were counted and weighed in number and biomass on the spot at each station, along with the depth, geographic coordinates, date, and time at the beginning and end of each tow. In addition, 50 O. oratoria individuals were randomly sampled to measure their biological characteristics(e.g., total length, weight, sex, feeding status, and fecundity) at each station;at certain stations, all individuals were measured when fewer than 50 O. oratoria were caught. The smallest and largest individuals were selected at each station to record their total

关 键 词：口虾蛄 仔虾分布 早期生活史 多季节补充 

分 类 号：S932[农业科学—渔业资源]