牛膝性味功效及用药禁忌考证  

Textual Research on Nature,Efficacy and Contraindications of Achyranthes bidentata

作　　者：牛林强 吴丽林 易腾达 袁振仪[1] NIU Linqiang;WU Lilin;YI Tengda;YUAN Zhenyi(Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学,湖南长沙410208

出　　处：《中医药学报》2022年第12期90-96,共7页Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology

基　　金：湖南省重点研发项目(2018SK2111)。

摘　　要：本文通过查阅本草古籍,对牛膝的别名、功效主治、性味归经和用药禁忌进行考证。结果发现,牛膝有诸多别名,其中以“牛膝”最为常见。除《中国药典》所载功效外,牛膝尚有祛寒湿、止痹痛、乌须发、逐血气、抗衰老、止痛、截疟、坚阴、下胎、补虚益气、益阴壮阳、出竹木刺之功。其主治病证有29余种,涉及到内科、外科、妇科、五官科、免疫系统、生殖系统、泌尿系统等多个方面。古籍中牛膝味辛,性温、微温,入肺经、膀胱经、心包经等内容亦未被收录,其用药禁忌包含配伍禁忌、证候禁忌、妊娠禁忌及饮食禁忌四个方面。考证对比发现,本草古籍中牛膝许多内容未被现代传承。本文基于古籍文献并结合现代研究与临床对其进行挖掘。By consulting the ancient herbal books,the aliases,efficacy and indications,nature,flavors and meridian tropisms,and the contraindications of Achyranthes bidentata were textually verified.It is found that there are many aliases for the herb,among which‘Achyranthes bidentata’is the most common one.Except for the effects recorded in Pharmacopoeia,Achyranthes bidentata also has the advantages of dispelling cold and dampness,relieving arthralgia,blacking hair,purging blood Qi,delaying aging,alleviating pain,stopping malaria,strengthening Yin,inducing abortion,tonifying deficiency,invigorating Qi,replenishing Yin and strengthening Yang,and pulling out the bamboo thorns.It treats more than 29 kinds of diseases,involving internal and external diseases,gynecological and ENT diseases,as well as diseases of immune system,reproductive system and urinary system.Achyranthes bidentata is pungent in flavour,warm in nature,entering Lung meridian,Bladder meridian and Pericardium meridian.The contraindications include compatibility taboo,syndrome taboo,pregnancy taboo and dietary taboo.The comparison of textual research finds that many contents of Achyranthes bidentata in herbal books have not been inherited in modern times,and should be excavated based on ancient literature and combined with modern research and clinical practice.

关 键 词：牛膝 别名 功效主治 性味归经 禁忌 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]