蓬莪术不同生长期干物质与营养元素积累规律  

Accumulation of Dry Matter and Nutrients in Curcuma phaeocaulis at Different Growth Stages

作　　者：瞿雅懿 王浩涵 陈颖馨 种叶敏 廖雯訢 陈洁 蔡晓洋 李敏[1] 高宇明 刘英 QU Yayi;WANG Haohan;CHEN Yingxin;ZHONG Yemin;LIAO Wenxin;CHEN Jie;CAI Xiaoyang;LI Min;GAO Yuming;LIU Ying(State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource,School of Pharmacy/School of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 611137,China;Ziyang Food and Drug Inspection and Testing Center,Ziyang 641300,China;Sichuan Zhi Jiacheng Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院/现代中药产业学院,省部共建西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室,成都611137 [2]资阳市食品药品检验检测中心,四川资阳641300 [3]四川智佳成生物科技有限公司,成都610000

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2022年第24期197-207,共11页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2020YFS0303);成都中医药大学“杏林学者”学科人才科研提升计划项目(CXTD2018016)。

摘　　要：目的:以川产道地药材郁金(块根)和莪术(根茎)的原植物蓬莪术为试验材料,研究蓬莪术植株不同生长时期干物质积累量及其营养元素积累、吸收特点,探明其生长发育规律和营养需求特性,为其科学、合理施肥提供理论依据。方法:测定并分析道地产区不同生长时期蓬莪术的植株生长指标、干物质积累量、营养元素含量。结果:蓬莪术在10月之前以地上部分叶、茎生长为主,10月开始生长中心逐渐转移到地下部分,且以根茎、块根生长为主。整个生长发育过程中,蓬莪术对营养元素氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜的单株积累量分别达2450.31、907.09、3171.18、625.94、493.38、14.53、2.24、2.93、0.46 mg,积累量大小均为钾>氮>磷>钙>镁>铁>锌>锰>铜。结论:植株生长需要吸收足量的钾、氮,适量的磷、钙、镁,少量的铁及极少量的锌、锰、铜,且对钾元素吸收最多。氮磷钾肥为大量元素肥料,宜在苗期、叶丛期及根茎膨大初期、块根膨大及根茎二次膨大期补充氮肥;在苗期、块根膨大及根茎二次膨大期、块根及根茎干物质积累期施用磷肥、钾肥;在苗期、叶丛期及根茎膨大初期、块根膨大及根茎二次膨大期使用多种中微量元素叶面肥。Objective:To study the accumulation and absorption of dry matter and nutrients in Curcuma phaeocaulis from Sichuan,the origin of Curcumae Radix(tuber)and Curcumae Rhizoma(rhizome),to explore the growth and development laws and nutrient demand characteristics of the medicinal species,and thus to lay a theoretical basis for rational fertilization.Method:The plant growth indexes,dry matter accumulation,and nutrient content of C.phaeocaulis at different growth stages in Sichuan were measured and analyzed.Result:This medicinal species featured the dominant growth of aboveground leaves and stems before October and growth of underground part(particularly the rhizomes and tubers)from October.During the whole growth period,the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,iron,manganese,zinc,and copper per plant was 2450.31,907.09,3171.18,625.94,493.38,14.53,2.24,2.93,0.46 mg,respectively,with the order of potassium>nitrogen>phosphorus>calcium>magnesium>iron>zinc>manganese>copper.Conclusion:The species needs sufficient potassium and nitrogen,appropriate amount of phosphorus,calcium,and magnesium,a small amount of iron,and very little zinc,manganese,and copper for growth,and potassium is particularly important.Nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers supply macroelements and nitrogen fertilizer should be supplemented at seedling stage,leafy stage,early rhizome expansion stage,tuber expansion stage,and the second expansion stage of rhizome.Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied at seedling stage,tuber expansion stage,secondary expansion stage of rhizome,and dry matter accumulation stage of tuber and rhizome.At seedling stage,leafy stage,early rhizome expansion stage,tuber expansion stage,and the second expansion stage of rhizome,a variety of medium and trace elements-containing foliar fertilizers should be used.

关 键 词：蓬莪术 干物质 营养元素 生长发育规律 营养需求特性 

分 类 号：R284.2[医药卫生—中药学] R289[医药卫生—中医学] R22R2-031R33