中国高龄失能老年人长期照料需求满足情况及其影响因素分析  

Long-term care provision in disabled oldest old people and its influencing factors in China:a CLHLS data analysis

作　　者：王婉晨 袁玫 张田田 丰志强 宋佳 范成鑫 艾旭峰 尹文强 WANG Wan-chen;YUAN Mei;ZHANG Tian-tian(School of Public Health,Weifang Medical University,Weifang,Shandong Province 261053,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生学院,山东潍坊261053 [2]“健康山东”重大社会风险预测与治理协同创新中心 [3]健康相关重大社会风险预警协同创新中心 [4]潍坊医学院管理学院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2022年第10期1249-1252,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019MG010)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国高龄失能老年人长期照料需求满足情况及其影响因素,为我国未来老龄照料服务体系的优化提供参考依据。方法收集2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)中1561名≥80岁高龄失能老年人的相关数据,分析高龄失能老年人长期照料需求满足情况及其影响因素。结果中国1561名≥80岁高龄失能老年人中,长期照料需求满足者772人,长期照料需求满足者所占比例为49.46%。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,家庭年均收入>6万元、名下有房产、生活来源够用、照料者表现为耐心照护、总是向照料者倾诉、有养老保险和有社区生活照料的中国高龄失能老年人长期照料需求更易得到满足,居住在农村、衰弱和照料支出≥300元/周的中国高龄失能老年人长期照料需求更不易得到满足。结论中国高龄失能老年人长期照料需求满足者比例较低,居住地、衰弱情况、家庭年均收入、名下有无房产、生活来源是否够用、照料支出、照料者表现、是否总向照料者倾诉、有无养老保险和社区有无生活照料服务是我国高龄失能老年人长期照料需求满足的主要影响因素。Objective To investigate the provision and influencing factors of long-term care among oldest old residents with disability in China for providing references to the optimization of elderly care service system in China in the future.Methods The data on 1561 disabled people aged≥80 years were collected from the annual survey of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey(CLHLS)conducted in 2018.The status of long-term care giving and its influencing factors in the disabled oldest old people were analyzed.Results Of all the disabled oldest old people,49.46%(772)were satisfied with the long-term care received.The results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis show that the disabled oldest old people with a family annual income more than 60000 yuan(RMB),having private estate,with sufficient source of living,with a caregiver providing patient care,communicating frequently with caregivers,having endowment insurance,and with community-based care service are more likely to have long-term care being met;while,those living in rural areas,having frail condition,and with a care-related expenditure of 300 yuan and above per week are more likely to have unmet long-term care need.Conclusion In China,a low proportion of the disabled oldest old people were satisfied with their longterm care received;the fulfillment of the long-term care demand is mainly influenced by the disabled oldest old people′s residence,frail condition,average annual family income,private estate,living source,care expenditure,communication with caregiver,pension insurance,and community-based care service;caregivers’performance is also an impact factor for the fulfillment of the long-term care demand.

关 键 词：长期照料 需求 满足情况 影响因素 高龄 失能 老年人 中国 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]