高能重离子束和X射线辐射水稻幼苗的当代生物学效应研究  

Effects of High-Energy Carbon Ion Beam and X-Ray Irradiation on Biological Effects of Rice Seedlings

作　　者：许超丽 刘霄 任维宾 杜艳[2,3] 王圆梦 李燕 司怀军[1] 周利斌[1,2,3] XU Chaoli;LIU Xiao;REN Weibin;DU Yan;WANG Yuanmeng;LI Yan;SI Huaijun;ZHOU Libin(College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Biophysics Group,Institute of Modern Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;College of Pharmacy,Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030;State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院近代物理研究所生物物理室,甘肃兰州730030 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]甘肃中医药大学药学院,甘肃兰州730030 [5]四川农业大学西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,四川成都611130

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第10期1897-1906,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2018B020206002);核能开发科研项目“核辐射作物品种改良与害虫防控”;中国科学院青年创新促进会(Y201974);国家自然科学基金(11975285)。

摘　　要：为探究高能重离子束和X射线辐射对水稻幼苗生长发育和生理特性的影响,使用5~40 Gy的高能碳离子束和10~80 Gy的X射线辐射处理粳稻Kitaake幼苗,测定根长、芽长、苗高、株高、分蘖数、结实率、千粒重、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性及遗传物质多态性指标。结果表明,高能重离子束或X射线辐射水稻幼苗后,其根长和芽长均呈现随辐射剂量增加而降低的趋势,但存活植株成熟期的株高与未辐射组相比差异不显著;M_(1)植株结实率及种子千粒重随剂量升高呈下降趋势,在较高剂量下表现为显著降低。辐射处理后相对根长约为69%时,两种辐射对幼苗的根及芽在较短时间内的抗氧化系统存在显著影响。与未辐射组相比高能碳离子束辐射组的叶绿素含量和F_(v)/F_(m)值均无显著差异,而X射线辐射处理组的叶绿素含量较高、F_(v)/F_(m)值降低。20 Gy高能碳离子束辐射处理水稻幼苗简单重复序列间扩增(ISSR)多态率为29.31%,40 Gy X射线辐射处理水稻幼苗ISSR多态率为37.76%。本研究结果为不同电离辐射处理水稻幼苗提供了推荐的诱变剂量区间:高能碳离子束20~30 Gy,X射线30~40 Gy。To explore the effects of high-energy heavy ion beam and X-ray radiations on the growth,development and physiological characteristics of rice seedlings,Japonica rice Kitaake seedlings were treated with high-energy heavy ion beam of 5~40 Gy and X-ray radiation of 10~80 Gy.The root length,shoot length,seedling height,plant height,tiller number,seed setting rate,1000-grain weight,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant enzyme activity and genetic polymorphism were investigated.The results showed that no matter with high-energy heavy ion beam or X-ray radiation,the root length and shoot length of rice seedlings showed a trend of decrease with the increase of irradiation dose,but the plant heights of surviving plants at mature stage were not different from those of the non-irradiated group.The seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of Mplant decreased with increasing dose,and showed a significant decrease at higher doses.When the relative root length was about 69%after radiation treatment,the two kinds of radiation had significant effects on the antioxidant system of the roots and shoots of seedlings in a short period of time.Compared with the non-irradiated group,the X-ray irradiation treatment group had higher chlorophyll content and lower F_(v)/F_(m)value,while the high-energy carbon ion beam irradiation group had no significant difference in chlorophyll content and F_(v)/F_(m)value compared with the non-irradiated group.The polymorphism rate of simple inter-repeat sequence(ISSR)in rice seedlings treated with 20 Gy high-energy carbon ion beam irradiation was 29.31%,and the ISSR polymorphism rate in rice seedlings treated with 40 Gy X-ray irradiation was 37.76%.The results of this study show that the Mbiological effect of rice Kitaake seedlings treated by high-energy carbon ion beam and X-ray radiation are different.The recommended mutagen dosage range are 20~30 Gy for high-energy carbon ion beam and 30~40 Gy for X-ray.

关 键 词：水稻 辐射 碳离子束 X射线 生物学效应 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]