厦门机场2006~2019年低能见度变化特征分析  

Analysis of Variation Characteristics of Low Visibility in Xiamen Airport during 2006 to 2019

作　　者：徐颖 徐敏辉 陈建德 XU Ying;XU Minhui;CHEN Jiande(Xiamen Air Traffic Management Station of CAAC,Xiamen 361006,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民用航空厦门空中交通管理站,福建厦门361006

出　　处：《民航学报》2022年第6期74-78,64,共6页Journal of Civil Aviation

摘　　要：本文选取厦门高崎机场2006~2019年的逐时地面观测资料,运用最小二乘法、多项式曲线拟合方法和等级划分法等统计学方法,并针对低能见度划分等级,分析主导能见度和低能见度的多时间尺度变化特征,并对各气象要素进行相关性分析。结果表明,2006~2019年的年平均能见度表现特征为总体震荡上升的趋势,且明显分为3个变化阶段:增长期、明显下跌后的震荡增长期和大幅增长期;夏秋季能见度相对较好,冬季次之,春季最差;低能见度日数随年份呈波动下降趋势,各级低能见度日数在2~4月达到最值,低能见度天气大多在入夜后出现,至日出前达到低能见度峰值;本场主要影响能见度低于1 000 m的天气现象是雾其次是雨;当风速在0~3 m/s的微风状态下,相对湿度达92%以上,气温在12℃~21℃,修正海压在1 006~1 015 hPa,总云量和低云量占天空5/8以上,本场较易出现低能见度天气。Based on hourly ground observation data of Xiamen Gaoqi Airport during 2006 to 2019, statistical methods such as least square method, polynomial curve fitting method and grading method are used to classify low visibility, analyze the multi-time scale variation characteristics of prevailing visibility and low visibility, and analyze the correlation of various meteorological elements. The results show that the average annual visibility during 2006 to 2019 shows a general fluctuating upward trend, and it can be divided into three stages: increasing period, oscillation increasing period after obvious decline and sharp increasing period;visibility is relatively good in summer and autumn, followed by winter and worst in spring;the number of low-visibility days shows a fluctuating downward trend with the year and reaches its maximum value during February to April;low visibility weather mostly occurs after nightfall and reaches peak by sunrise;the weather phenomenon that mainly affects visibility below 1 000 m in Xiamen Airport is fog followed by rain. When the wind speed is 0-3 m/s, relative humidity is 92% or more, temperature is 12-21℃, QNH is 1 006~1 015 hPa, total clouds and low clouds account for more than 5/8 of the sky, low visibility weather is more likely to occur.

关 键 词：航空气象 低能见度 地面观测 统计分析 变化特征 

分 类 号：P457.7[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]