光纤陀螺空间应用技术  

Fiber Optic Gyroscopes for Space Applications

作　　者：金靖[1] 李铁志 王晓伟 谭深 郭治宇 宋凝芳[1] Jin Jing;Li Tiezhi;Wang Xiaowei;Tan Shen;Guo Zhiyu;Song Ningfang(School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第19期247-254,共8页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：光纤陀螺已成为航天器惯性导航与姿轨控制的主选器件。经过几十年的技术攻关,北京航空航天大学形成了成熟的光纤陀螺技术体系,研制了适用于各种空间应用需求的光纤陀螺系列产品。对北京航空航天大学光纤陀螺空间应用的若干关键技术加以综述。基于高可靠和小型化要求,介绍了双光源四轴光纤陀螺方案,阐述了光纤陀螺在轨故障诊断技术;为进一步实现小型化,介绍了小型三轴一体光纤陀螺配置方案以及利用时分复用技术实现的最简三轴陀螺配置方案;介绍了进一步提高组件级抗辐照性能的基于保偏光子晶体光纤的光纤陀螺方案。基于上述关键技术和配置方案的系列光纤陀螺产品,已在数十次空间任务中发挥了重要作用。Significance Interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes(IFOGs)are angular velocity measurement sensors based on the Sagnac effect.With the unique advantages of high performance,high sensitivity,anti-irradiation and high reliability as a solid-state technology with no moving parts,IFOGs have become the significant devices of inertial navigation and orbit and attitude control systems on satellites and spacecrafts.In recent years,satellite technology has developed rapidly,especially in low-orbit,miniaturized,and highthroughput satellite technology.According to the Union Concerned Scientists(UCS)satellite database,as of January 1,2022,4852 satellites were in orbit around the Earth,of which 511 belonged to China.The development of satellite technology has put forward new requirements for IFOGs in space.On the one hand,it is a high-reliability technology.In the satellite fault analysis,the failure rate of the orbit and attitude control subsystems is always at a high level.As the core component of the orbit and attitude control subsystems,in the design process of the IFOGs,ensuring reliability should always be put in the first place.From high-intensity vibration during launch to galactic cosmic radiation,highenergy particles,thermal vacuum,etc.after entering orbit,the complex and harsh space working environments require that IFOGs must be fully prepared in terms of resisting external disturbances and improving environmental adaptability.Especially in the high orbit,high inclination,and deep space operation environment,the energy,dose rate,and cumulative radiation dose of space particles are greatly increased.It is significant to improve the anti-irradiation performance of IFOG components.On the other hand,it is a miniaturization technology.While ensuring lifetime and performance,the device with lower power consumption,lighter weight,and lower cost is always a better choice.Resources will be further limited when applied to small satellites especially.Therefore,research on miniaturization is necessary to enhance the competiti

关 键 词：光纤光学 光纤陀螺 空间应用 在轨诊断 时分复用 光子晶体光纤 

分 类 号：TN253[电子电信—物理电子学]