超分辨显微成像技术在活体大脑成像中的应用  

Applications of Super-Resolution Microscopy Techniques in Living Brain Imaging

作　　者：高露 高贝贝 王富 Gao Lu;Gao Beibei;Wang Fu(School of Biomedical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学生物医学工程学院,上海200240

出　　处：《中国激光》2022年第20期165-177,共13页Chinese Journal of Lasers

摘　　要：超分辨显微成像技术是生物医学领域的重要成像工具,它通过突破光学衍射的极限,以纳米级尺度解析大脑神经元的结构,其在活体大脑成像中的应用对于神经科学的发展具有重要影响。由于组织光散射、生物相容性、成像系统兼容性等因素,超分辨显微成像技术在活体大脑成像的深度、速度、时间等方面都受到限制。基于传统的双光子显微成像策略,本文介绍了目前应用于活体大脑成像的受激发射损耗显微成像和结构光照明显微成像的研究进展,分析了它们存在的困难和挑战,最后总结了应对挑战的思路并对未来的发展进行了展望。Significance The mammalian brain is a complex and essential organ involving complex processes like memory,cognition,and feeling,and is linked to various mental diseases.However,our knowledge and research of this part are limited,and the research on the brain will be a long-term exploration.Currently,the brain imaging of living animals can intuitively display the morphological changes in the brain during life activities,allowing researchers to study the functional activities of the brain,which is vital for understanding the structure and function of the brain.Owing to the thick brain tissue,brain imaging in vivois affected by factors such as light scattering,light absorption,and aberration,which hinders the optical imaging of the deep structure of the brain.Similarly,the resolution of the general optical microscope cannot exceed 200nm due to an optical diffraction limit,and it cannot distinguish the subtle structures such as neuronal synapses in the brain nor analyze the structures that play a vital role in brain functional activities.The multiphoton imaging technology was used in the past to improve imaging depth.This technology uses a nonlinear excitation effect and often utilizes near-infrared excitation,which can stimulate short-wavelength fluorescence signals with long-wavelength lasers.With low scattering and the absorption of the near-infrared light of the tissue,it can attain a high penetration depth and reduce the background interference of the tissue.It is an important method for thick tissue imaging.Additionally,multiphoton imaging only stimulates fluorescence at the focal plane,which has the natural characteristic of“light slicing”,which decreases the signal interference of the defocus plane and tissue stimulation damage.Therefore,the multiphoton imaging technology is suitable for imaging the brain in vivo.Nevertheless,the diffraction limit remains a major concern for this technology.Introducing the super-resolution imaging technology makes nano-optical imaging possible.The super-resolution microsc

关 键 词：医用光学 超分辨显微成像 活体成像 大脑成像 双光子显微成像 受激发射损耗显微成像 结构光照明显微成像 

分 类 号：O436[机械工程—光学工程]