内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区地形因子对森林火灾空间分布的影响分析  

Impact Analysis of Topographic Features on Spatial Distribution of Forest Fire in The Northern Primitive Forest Area of Greater Xing’an Mountains,Inner Mongolia

作　　者：郑长青 杨少斌 程玉林 白夜 ZHENG Chang-qing;YANG Shao-bin;CHENG Yu-lin;BAI Ye(Ewenki Banner Forest Fire Brigade,Hulun Beir,Inner Mongolia,Hulun Buir 010324,China;China Fire and Rescue Institute,Beijing 102202,China;Forest Management and Protection Bureau of the Northern Primitive Forest Area of Greater Xing’an Mountains,Inner Mongolia,Genhe 022363,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古呼伦贝尔鄂温克旗森林消防大队,内蒙古呼伦贝尔010324 [2]中国消防救援学院,北京102202 [3]内蒙古大兴安岭北部原始林区森林管护局,内蒙古根河022363

出　　处：《内蒙古林业科技》2022年第3期48-53,共6页Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1511600)。

摘　　要：以2001-2019年内蒙古北部原始林区森林火灾为研究对象,应用统计分析和地理信息系统空间分析方法,对研究区不同地形条件下的森林火灾空间分布情况进行分析,从而为该地区森林火灾的预防和扑救提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)内蒙古北部原始林区地形呈现东南高西北低,大多数地域海拔400~800 m,坡度为0°~14°,各个坡向上的地域面积相对比较均衡。(2)林区年均森林火灾次数为10次,年均过火面积约为970 hm^(2),年度总过火面积与重大和特别重大森林火灾次数极显著正相关,火灾级别以较大森林火灾为主,约占火灾总次数的80.2%,近年来火灾次数呈波动性上升趋势。(3)在地形因子的作用下,火灾分布表现出一定的地形梯度性,随着海拔的升高和坡度的增加,火灾次数呈先增加后减少的趋势,其中海拔为600~800 m、坡度为5°~14°及西南坡地域火灾次数所占比例最大,分别为48.4%、56.0%和17.3%,过火面积随海拔的变化规律与火灾次数相同,但是随坡度的变化规律则相反,在海拔为600~800 m,坡度为0°~4°及东坡地域过火面积比例最大,分别为40.1%、50.2%、31.7%。Taking forest fire in the primitive forest area of northern Inner Mongolia as the research target,the spatial distribution law of forest fire under different topographic conditions was analyzed by the methods of statistical analysis and GIS spatial analysis,so as to provide a scientific basis for forest fire prevention and fighting in this area.The results showed:(1)The terrain of primitive forest area presented the southeast-high and northwest-low feature,height above sea level of most areas was between 400 m and 800 m,slope was between 0°and 14°,and the area of each region was balanced in all aspect.(2)There were about 10 times forest fire for each year and the average annual burned area was 970 hm^(2).There was extremely positive correlation between annual burned area and the major and particularly major forest fire frequency,the fire level was mainly larger forest fire,accounted for about 80.2%of the total fire frequency,and the fire frequency showed a fluctuating upward trend in recent years.(3)There was a significant terrain gradient in fire distribution.It was found that fire number increased first and then decreased with the increase of altitude and slope.Among them,the districts with an altitude from 600 m to 800 m,slope from 5°to 14°and the southwest slope accounted for the largest proportion of fires,taking up 48.4%,56.0%and 17.3%,respectively.The changing law of the burned area was same as fire frequency with the change of altitude,but it was opposite with the change of slope.The proportion of the burned area was the largest in the districts with an altitude from 600 m to 800 m,slope from 0°to 4°and the east slope,taking up 40.1%,50.2%and 31.7%,respectively.

关 键 词：原始林区 森林火灾 空间分布 内蒙古 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]