应用^(15)N示踪技术研究耕作方式对甘蔗氮肥吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Tillage Patterns on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Sugarcane Using ^(15)N Tracer Technique

作　　者：韦剑锋 韦冬萍[1] 胡桂娟 吴炫柯 罗小芬 黄琳[1] 黄业华 赵晓玉 WEI Jianfeng;WEI Dongping;HU Guijuan;WU Xuanke;LUO Xiaofen;HUANG Lin;HUANG Yehua;ZHAO Xiaoyu(Liuzhou Institute of Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545616;Guangxi University of Science and Technology,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545006;Agro-meteorological Experiment Station of Liuzhou,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545005)

机构地区：[1]柳州工学院,广西柳州545616 [2]广西科技大学,广西柳州545006 [3]柳州市农业气象试验站,广西柳州545005

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第9期1841-1848,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860593);广西自然科学基金项目(2020GXNSFAA297015);柳州市科技计划项目(2020PAAA0602);2021年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202113639005)。

摘　　要：为探讨甘蔗适宜的机械耕作方式,以甘蔗品种桂糖42号为材料,采用田间微区^(15)N示踪技术,研究深松45 cm+旋耕25 cm(T1)、深翻40 cm+圆盘耙碎土25 cm(T2)和旋耕25cm(T3)3种耕作方式对氮肥利用效率及去向的影响。结果表明,3种耕作方式下新植蔗吸收的N有43.40%~46.45%来自当季施用的氮肥,氮肥利用率、残留率和损失率范围分别为14.39%~18.43%、50.70%~55.49%和26.08%~34.91%;宿根蔗吸收的N来自上季施用氮肥的比率为13.27%~14.78%,上季氮肥在宿根季的利用率、残留率和损失率范围分别为7.79%~10.35%、31.41%~34.12%和11.02%~11.50%;两季甘蔗收获后,氮肥残留均随土层深度的增加而明显递减,但T3在0~20 cm土层残留较多,其他耕作方式在20~60 cm土层残留较多。两季甘蔗干物质积累量、肥料氮来源比率、氮肥利用率及氮肥残留率以T1最高,T2次之,T3最低,T1与T3间差异达显著水平;两季甘蔗氮肥损失率以T3最高,T2次之,T1最低,其中在新植蔗3个处理间的差异达显著水平。综上,在红壤旱地,深松深翻能促进甘蔗对氮肥的吸收,减少氮肥损失,增加甘蔗产量,其中深松45 cm+旋耕25 cm(T1)的耕作方式效果较好。本研究结果可为红壤蔗地合理耕作提供科学依据。In order to establish the suitable mechanical tillage method for sugarcane,the micro-plot experiment in field was conducted with ^(15)N by three treatments of subsoiling 45 cm+rotary tillage 25 cm(T1),plowing 40 cm+discharrow broken soil 25 cm(T2)and rotary tillage 25 cm(T3)to investigate the use efficiency and fate of fertilizer nitrogen using the sugarcane cultivar Guitang 42.The results showed that 43.40%~46.45%of the nitrogen absorbed by newly planted sugarcane under the three tillage methods was derived from the nitrogen fertilizer applied in the current cropping,and the nitrogen use efficiency,residue rate and loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer were 14.39%~18.43%,50.70%~55.49%and 26.08%~34.91%,respectively.The nitrogen ratio of 13.27%~14.78%absorbed by first ratoon sugarcane was derived from the application of nitrogen fertilizer for last cropping,and the nitrogen use efficiency,residue rate and loss rate of nitrogen fertilizer for last cropping were 7.79%~10.35%,31.41%~34.12%and 11.02%~11.50%,respectively.After two cropping of sugarcane harvest,nitrogen fertilizer residues showed decrease significantly with the increase of soil depth,while remained more in 0~20 cm soil layer of T3 and in 20~60 cm soil layer of other tillage treatments.The T1 for two cropping sugarcane present the highest dry matter accumulation,nitrogen source ratio of fertilizer,nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen residue rate,followed by T2,while T3 showed the lowest.T1 and T3 showed significant difference.The highest nitrogen loss rate of two cropping sugarcane was found in T3,followed by T2,and the lowest in T1.The difference of nitrogen loss rate among three treatments was significant in newly planted sugarcane.In red soil dryland,subsoiling and deep ploughing could promote the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer by sugarcane,reduce nitrogen loss and increase sugarcane yield,and subsoiling 45 cm+rotary tillage 25 cm(T1)showed relatively better effects.The results of this study provide a scientific basis for rational tillage of sugarcane

关 键 词：甘蔗 耕作方式 ^(15)N示踪技术 氮肥利用 氮素残留 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]