蓝莓根部内生木霉分离鉴定及其拮抗作用  

Diversity of Endophytic Trichoderma in the Roots of Blueberries and Its Antagonistic Effects

作　　者：李思 尚晓静 张富美 侯瑞[1] LI Si;SHANG Xiaojing;ZHANG Fumei;HOU Rui(College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学林学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《核农学报》2022年第8期1569-1578,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2017]2567);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5781)。

摘　　要：为探究贵州省蓝莓根部内生木霉多样性,筛选具有拮抗作用的内生木霉,采用组织分离法、对峙培养法及无菌发酵液法,分析蓝莓根部内生木霉多样性及内生檑对7种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用。结果表明,通过组织分离、形态观察、rDNA-ITS和EF-1α基因序列鉴定得到16株内生木霉,属于Trichoderma virens、T.koningiopsis、T.harzianum和T.pubescens 4种,相似度为98%~100%。蓝莓根部内生木霉分离率(IR)为8%,分离频率(IF)为15.53%,Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为0.4508,Simpson多样性指数为0.9887、Margalef丰富度指数为2.4082,Pielou均匀度指数为0.3450。16株蓝莓根部内生木霉对交链格孢菌、禾谷镰孢菌、Diaporthe longicolla、小新壳梭孢、尖镰孢菌、胶孢炭疽菌、尖孢炭疽菌7种植物病原真菌的抑制率分别为35.01%~76.38%、58%~67.68%、55.10%~73.53%、52.24%~70.00%、25.80%~52.99%、37.18%~66.76%、37.37%~70.53%。选取T.harzianum GL11、T.harzianum GL15、T.harzianum GL19、T.harzianum GL39、T.virens GL42共5株木霉菌进行无菌发酵液试验,结果显示5株木霉菌发酵液对除小新壳梭孢外的其他6种植物病原菌具有一定的抑制作用,对Diaporthe longicolla的抑制效果最好,抑制率为46.71%。本研究结果可为蓝莓病害生物防治提供理论依据。In order to understand the diversity of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots in Guizhou Province,and screen the endophytic Trichoderma with antagonistic activity.The antagonistic activity of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots against seven plant pathogens were analyzed by tissue isolation,confront test and determination of antifungal activity of fermentation broth,and the diversity of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots.The results showed that 16 endophytic Trichoderma were isolated from the Vaccinium uliginosum,and the 16 strains were divided into T.virens,T.koningiopsis,T.harzianum and T.pubescens by according to rDNA-ITS and EF-1αgene sequence,with similarity of 98%~100%.The separation rate IR,separation frequency IF,Shannon-Weiner index H,Simpson index D,Margalef index M and Pielou index E of endophytic Trichoderma in the blueberries roots were 8%,15.53%,0.4777,0.9917,2.4914 and 0.3446 respectively.The 16 strains of endophytic Trichoderma in blueberries roots inhibited the growth of 7 pathogens.The inhibition rate to Alternaria alternata,Fusarium graminearum,Diaporthe longicolla,Neofusicoccum parvum,F.oxysporum,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,Colletotrichum acutatum was 35.01%~76.38%,58%~67.68%,55.10%~73.53%,52.24%~70.00%,25.80%~52.99%,37.18%~66.76%,37.37%~70.53%,respectively.The aseptic fermentation broth with 5 strains of Trichoderma showed that Trichoderma fermentation broth inhibited the growth of 6 pathogens except for Neofusicoccum parvum,the highest inhibition rate on Diaporthe longicolla was 46.71%.The results of this study can provide theoretical basis for biological control of blueberries diseases.

关 键 词：蓝莓 木霉 多样性 生物防治 

分 类 号：S476.12[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.639[农业科学—植物保护]