城市公交运营效率评价研究——基于三阶段DEA方法的分析  

Research on evaluation of urban public transport operation efficiency——Base on the analysis of the Three Stage DEA Method

作　　者：李琼[1] 朱士卜 朱文英[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学运输工程学院

出　　处：《价格理论与实践》2022年第6期152-155,195,共5页Price:Theory & Practice

基　　金：陕西省社科基金(2019S013);国家社科基金一般项目(20BJY176);长安大学中央高校基金(300102341622);陕西省自然科学基金(2022JQ-731)。

摘　　要：城市公交作为关乎国计民生的社会公益性事业,在城市发展中具有不可替代的重要地位。本文基于三阶段DEA模型,测算了我国36个中心城市2016-2019年的城市公交运营效率。研究结果表明:市辖区常住人口、建成区面积、GDP、轨道交通线网长度、出租车保有量以及私人小汽车保有量等外生环境变量,对我国城市公交运营效率具有显著影响;剔除外生环境因素与随机干扰后,36个中心城市公交运营的平均纯技术效率显著升高,平均规模效率明显降低,且平均纯技术效率显著高于平均规模效率,致使平均综合技术效率略微提高但仍处于较低水平。除北京、广州等城市效率达到前沿面外,其余城市均处于规模报酬递增阶段,表明规模不足是致使城市公交运营效率不高的关键因素之一。基于此,提出应调整投入生产规模至最优,切实提高城市公交服务质量,注重城市公交领域的技术进步。Urban public transportation, as a public benefit enterprise tied to the national economy and people’s livelihoods, plays an indispensable role in urban development. This research measures the urban public transportation operating efficiency of 36 Chinese key cities from 2016 to 2019 using the three-stage DEA model. The research findings show that exogenous environmental variables such as permanent population, built-up area, GDP, rail transit network length, taxi ownership, and private car ownership have a significant impact on China’s urban public transportation operation efficiency;After removing the exogenous environmental factors and random interference, the average pure technical efficiency of public transport operations in the 36 central cities increased significantly, the average scale efficiency decreased significantly, and the average pure technical efficiency was significantly higher than the average scale efficiency. This resulted in a slight improvement in the average combined technical efficiency but still at a low level. Except for Beijing, Guangzhou and other cities whose efficiency has reached the forefront, all other cities are in the stage of increasing returns to scale. It shows that insufficient scale is one of the key factors that cause the inefficiency of urban bus operation. Based on this, this paper argues that we should optimize the scale of production input, effectively increase the quality of urban public transportation services, and concentrate on technology advancements in the field of urban public transportation.

关 键 词：城市公交 运营效率 三阶段DEA 

分 类 号：F572[经济管理—产业经济]