氮和钾元素对苦瓜皂苷的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Saponin in Momordica charantia

作　　者：郭小山[1,2] 王林闯 赵建锋[1,2] 孙玉东 汪国莲[1,2] 屈海泳 罗德旭[1,2] 许文钊 尹莲[1,2] GUO Xiaoshan;WANG Linchuang;ZHAO Jianfeng;SUN Yudong;WANG Guolian;QU Haiyong;LUO Dexu;XU Wenzhao;YIN Lian(Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Science in Xuhuai Area of Jiangsu Province,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223001;Huai’an Key Laboratory for Facility Vegetables,Huai’an,Jiangsu 223001;Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [2]淮安市设施蔬菜重点实验室,江苏淮安223001 [3]青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2022年第31期43-48,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目“瓜菜种质资源优异功能基因挖掘及生物育种核心技术研发”[JBGS(2021)018];江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目“氮钾对苦瓜产量品质与药用成分的调控效应研究”[CX(14)5088];江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室自主研发课题项目“淮安市地方特色蔬菜种质资源收集与利用”(17HZHL026)。

摘　　要：为进一步优化苦瓜的氮钾肥施用方式,提高苦瓜中皂苷含量,选取苦瓜低皂苷含量品种‘206’、高皂苷品种‘优佳4号’为试验材料,以中皂苷品种‘疙瘩绿’为对照,采用根尖无损伤检测法,检测苦瓜根对氮和钾离子的吸收情况。结果表明,在幼果期‘优佳4号’根对氮离子的吸收显著高于‘疙瘩绿’和‘206’,而在幼苗期、幼果期对钾离子的释放比‘206’分别低40%和63.5%。田间栽培时以苦瓜品种、氮、钾元素为变量进行正交设计,并进行施肥验证,‘优佳4号’吸收氮元素和保有钾元素的能力更强,在低氮和低钾的情况下也可以产生高皂苷。中高含量的氮钾元素可以显著提高低皂苷品种的皂苷含量。在栽培生产中,高皂苷品种施肥可适当采用低氮和低钾措施,低皂苷品种要采用高氮和高钾措施。To further optimize the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in Momordica charantia cultivation and increase the saponin content,the low-(’206’)and high-(’Youjia 4’)saponin varieties were selected as the test materials,and the medium-saponin variety’Gedalv’was used as the control.The root tip non-invasive detection method was used to detect root absorption of nitrogen and potassium ions.The results showed that the absorption of nitrogen ions by’Youjia 4’roots was significantly higher than that by’Gedalv’and’206’at young fruit stage,while the release of potassium ions was 40% and 63.5% lower than that by’206’at the seedling and young fruit stage,respectively.In the field cultivation,three levels(low,medium and high)of nitrogen and potassium were used as variables to carry out the orthogonal design,and the fertilization verification was carried out.The results indicated that’Youjia 4’had stronger ability to absorb nitrogen and retain potassium and could also produce high saponin under low nitrogen and potassium conditions.The high content of nitrogen and potassium could significantly increase the saponin content of low saponin varieties.To obtain high saponin in Momordica charantia cultivation and production,low nitrogen and potassium fertilization can be applied to high-saponin varieties,and fertilization with high nitrogen and potassium should be selected for low-saponin varieties.

关 键 词：苦瓜 皂苷 氮 钾 非损伤微测技术 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]