卤化氢与烯烃亲电加成反应的机理及立体选择性  

Mechanism and Stereoselectivity in the Electrophilic Addition of Alkenes with Hydrogen Halides

作　　者：许家喜 麻远[2] XU Jia-Xi;MA Yuan(College of Chemistry,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学化学学院,北京100029 [2]清华大学化学系,北京100084

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2022年第22期124-128,共5页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：有机化学本科育人团队项目;有机化学和中级有机化学一流课程建设项目。

摘　　要：卤化氢与烯烃的亲电加成反应既是烯烃的重要反应之一,也是一种制备卤代烷的重要方法。现行教材中通常只介绍其分步的碳正离子中间体机理和加成的区域选择性,未涉及反应的立体选择性。介绍了文献中关于该类反应的机理及其立体选择性,希望能够从教学上更新和提高对这类反应的认识。Electrophilic additions of alkenes and hydrogen halides are not only one class of important reactions of alkenes,but also an important synthetic method of haloakanes.In current popular organic chemistry textbooks,only stepwise mechanism involving carbocation intermediates and regioselectivity are introduced on the electrophilic additions of alkenes and hydrogen halides,not concerning their stereoselectivity.This article introduces the reported mechanisms and stereoselectivity on the electrophilic additions of alkenes and hydrogen halides,hoping to update and to improve the understanding on this electrophilic additions in teaching organic chemistry.

关 键 词：亲电加成反应 卤化氢 烯烃 机理 立体选择性 

分 类 号：O621.25[理学—有机化学]