黄金柰李果实品质与土壤和叶片养分的关系  

Relationship between fruit quality and nutrients in soil and leaves of Prunus salicina var.cordata

作　　者：彭程 邓林萍 谭禾俊 蒙万聪 罗贱良 张增文 陈慧琼 常晓晓[1,2] 邱继水[1,2] 陆育生 PENG Cheng;DENG Linping;TAN Hejun;MENG Wancong;LUO Jianliang;ZHANG Zengwen;CHEN Huiqiong;CHANG Xiaoxiao;QIU Jishui;LU Yusheng(Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;Lechang Lingnan Institute of Deciduous Fruit Tree Research,Shaoguan 512200,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]广东省农业科学院果树研究所广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]乐昌市岭南落叶果树研究所,广东韶关512200

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第11期27-35,52,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2021KJ116);乐昌市岭南落叶水果省级现代农业产业园建设项目;广东省驻镇帮镇扶村农村科技特派员项目(KTP20210162);2021年广东省级农业科技创新推广及农业资源与生态环境保护建设项目(2021KJ269)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析广东韶关黄金柰李果实品质与土壤元素、叶片元素之间的关系,筛选影响果实品质的关键因子,为柰李园精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】在粤北黄金柰李种植区域采集果实、叶片和土壤样本各15份,利用K均值聚类分析方法对果园果实品质进行分类,分析不同类型果园果实品质指标与土壤、叶片矿质养分元素含量间的相关性。【结果】黄金柰李园土壤pH值为5.06,土壤有机质含量总体适量,氮、磷、钾有效养分处于适量或丰富,土壤有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效铜含量丰富,有效钙、有效镁不足;叶片中大量元素处于适量或丰富,钙元素和硼元素处于少量或缺乏,其他元素适量。根据K均值聚类分析方法可将不同柰李果园分成三类,其中第Ⅰ类果园果实综合品质最好,第Ⅱ类果实综合品质最差,第Ⅲ类果实综合品质适中。不同类型果园元素含量差异分析显示第Ⅰ类和第Ⅱ类果园果实铁元素和锰元素含量差异显著,叶片磷元素含量、钙元素含量和硼元素含量差异显著且与果实平均单果质量、纵横径、硬度和可溶性固形物含量呈负相关,与总糖和总酸含量呈正相关。【结论】在柰李果园土壤磷元素含量丰富或过量、钙元素含量处于低量或缺乏状态的前提下,适当降低叶片磷元素含量,提升叶片中钙元素、硼元素含量可能有助于提升果实总体品质。此外,可根据不同黄金柰李果园的土壤条件调节土壤pH值和适当补充叶片钙、硼元素,以达到丰产优质之目的。【Objective】The objective of this study was to reveal the relationship between the fruit quality of Prunus salicina var. cordata and its leaf nutrition and the soil property in northern Guangdong. The study analyzed the key factors influencing the fruit quality of Prunus salicina var. cordata to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and rational fertilization of ’Huangjinnai’ plums in southern China.【Method】Fifteen fruit, leaf and soil samples were collected from northern Guangdong. Afterwards, the fruit quality characteristics, mineral element content of leaves and fruits as well as soil properties were determined, and then the relationship between fruit quality, leaf nutrients and soil characteristics was studied.【Result】In the ’Huangjinnai’ plum orchards located in northern Guangdong, the average pH value of soil was 5.06, the content of soil organic matter was basically in the right amount, and the primary nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the soil were basically in the right amount or abundant. The trace nutrients such as iron, manganese, zinc and cuprum elements were abundant, while the calcium and magnesium elements were lacking.In leaves, the calcium and boron elements were insufficient, and other elements were basically in the right amount or abundant. The K-means cluster analysis divided the orchards into three main clusters. Category Ⅰ orchards had the best comprehensive fruit quality,the comprehensive quality of category Ⅱ orchards was the worst, and the comprehensive quality of category Ⅲ orchards was moderate.According to differential analysis, the contents of fruit iron and manganese elements showed significant differences between category Ⅰ and Ⅱ orchards. Meanwhile, the contents of phosphorus, calcium and boron in leaves were significantly different and negatively correlated with average fruit weight, diameter, hardness and soluble solid content, which were positively correlated with total sugar and total acid contents.【Conclu

关 键 词：黄金柰李 果实品质 矿质元素 相关性 

分 类 号：S727.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S662.3[农业科学—林学]