采用亚临界正丁烷流体萃取光皮梾木油  

Swida wilsoniana oil extraction by using subcritical n-butane fluid

作　　者：张爱华[1,2] 聂素丽 贾维肖 赵梓成 李培旺 肖志红[1,2] ZHANG Aihua;NIE Suli;JIA Weixiao;ZHAO Zicheng;LI Peiwang;XIAO Zhihong(Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Hunan Building Materials Research&Design Institute Co.Ltd,Changsha 410011,Hunan,China;College of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省林业科学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410004 [3]湖南省建筑材料研究设计院有限公司,湖南长沙410011 [4]湘潭大学机械工程与力学学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2022年第11期141-153,共13页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFB1504001)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对传统方法萃取光皮梾木油得油率低的问题,探索采用亚临界正丁烷流体萃取光皮梾木油的技术。【方法】利用亚临界液态n-C_(4)萃取过程中的油脂溶解进程平衡、油脂萃取动力学、萃取热力学,考察各个因素对光皮梾木油萃取率的影响,并采用响应面试验对工艺进行优化,进而构建光皮梾木油的最佳制备工艺。【结果】在温度为30~50℃范围内、萃取平衡时间在60 min的条件下,光皮梾木油在亚临界n-C_(4)中能够达到互溶性动态平衡,并且光皮梾木油在亚临界n-C_(4)中的溶解是一个放热过程;通过试验过程中工艺参数的优化表明,在物料水分10%左右、物料粒径30目、萃取温度36℃、萃取时间43 min、料液比1∶2.5、萃取次数3次的条件下,油脂萃取率试验值99.15%±0.05%,与预测值偏差0.24%±0.05%,表明二次回归方程模型显著、拟合度高,模型P <0.000 1,R^(2)(决定系数)为0.987 1,R^(2)_(adj)(调整系数)为0.970 6,该模型可以很好地对不同条件下亚临界n-C_(4)流体萃取光皮梾木油的响应值进行准确预测。【结论】油脂萃取过程分为萃取游离油脂和内部结合油脂两部分,游离油脂萃取容易,内部的结合油脂需要通过油脂分子的扩散运动才能实现油脂的萃取,萃取率较低。亚临界正丁烷流体萃取光皮梾木油技术为光皮梾木果实资源的高值化利用提供了一定的理论参考和技术支持。【Objective】Aiming at the problem of low oil yield of traditional Swida wilsoniana oil extraction,this study explored the application of subcritical n-butane fluid in the preparation of S.wilsoniana oil.【Method】The optimal preparation process of S.wilsoniana oil was constructed by using the oil dissolution process equilibrium,oil extraction kinetics and extraction thermodynamics in the subcritical liquid n-C_(4) extraction process,as well as exploring the effects of various factors on the extraction rate of S.wilsoniana oil and using the response surface test for the process optimization.【Result】Under the conditions of a temperature between 30 and 50℃,and extraction equilibrium time of 60 min,the extraction frequency of S.wilsoniana oil in subcritical n-C_(4) could achieve miscible dynamic equilibrium,and the dissolution of S.wilsoniana oil in subcritical n-C_(4) was an exothermic process.Through the optimization of processing parameters,the results exhibited that when the material moisture was about 10%,the particle size of the material was 30 mesh,the extraction temperature was 36℃,the extraction time was 43 min,the extraction frequency was 3 times and the material-liquid ratio was 1∶2.5,the test value of oil extraction rate was 99.15%±0.05%,and the deviation from the predicted value was 0.24%±0.05%,indicating that the model was significant and the fitting degree was high.The P value of the model was 0.0001,the coefficient of determination was 0.9871,and the adjustment coefficient was 0.9706.The model can accurately predict the response value of subcritical n-C_(4) fluid extraction of S.wilsoniana oil under different conditions.【Conclusion】The kinetics of subcritical n-C_(4) fluid extraction of S.wilsoniana oil shows that the oil extraction process is divided into two parts:extraction of free oil and internal binding oil.Free oil extraction is easy,while the internal bound oil needs to be extracted through the diffusion movement of oil molecules,and the extraction rate is low.The subcriti

关 键 词：光皮梾木 亚临界 萃取 油脂 正丁烷 

分 类 号：S727.32[农业科学—林木遗传育种]