《跻春台》中的婚丧民俗礼仪述论  

Disscussions on Traditional Wedding and Funeral Rituals in Ji Chun Tai

作　　者：李若熙 Li Ruoxi(School of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610064,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610064 [2]四川文理学院四川革命老区发展研究中心

出　　处：《民族学刊》2022年第7期101-108,149,共9页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：《跻春台》是清末四川地区刊刻出版的白话小说集,共四十个故事。作者为四川中江人,全书用四川方言俗语写成。其描写对象多为中下层市民或农民,实录的写作手法使小说中出现较多关于蜀地礼仪民俗的描写,其中涉及最多的当属婚礼与丧礼。清末蜀地婚礼与传统士昏礼中的“六礼”既有一脉相承的一面,又有自己独有的特点,如礼节简略、不亲迎、无聘金等。而丧礼除遵循《仪礼·士丧礼》的部分礼仪外,又有着蜀地丧礼独特的习俗,如普遍作道场、富户散普孝及奢靡风气、帮助穷户殡葬的“孝义会”等。作为中华优秀传统文化的有机组成部分,蜀地民俗礼仪有着与中华传统民俗文化一脉相承的一面。另一方面,受地域、经济、气候、风俗等影响,清末蜀地民俗礼仪又呈现出独有的特点,使蜀地民俗礼仪文化呈现出传统与保守、多元统一、内涵丰富且富有个性的特征。Ji Chuan Tai is a collection of 40vernacular novels published in Sichuan in the late Qing Dynasty. Its author is a native of Zhongjiang,Sichuan,and all of these novels are written in the Sichuan dialect. Most of the novels describe the life of lower middle-class townspeople or farmers.The realistic writing method in this collection provides a big space for the description of the local customs of Sichuan,and the most involved in particular rituals at weddings and funerals. Wedding ceremonies in Sichuan during the late Qing Dynasty followed the traditional“Six Rites”,but they also had their unique characteristics such as a simplified rite and the absence of betrothal gifts. As for funerals,on the one hand,they retained some rituals in the Book of Rites and Funeral;on the other hand,they also had their own practices such as holding Taoist rites,distribution of mourning dress widely to show filial piety of the rich,and organizing “filial piety and righteous association”to help poor families with funerals.Represented by Ji Chuan Tai,most of the Sichuan-carved vernacular novels in the late Qing Dynasty recorded folk customs of that period realistically and objectively,which was related to the learning style of scholars’ attaching great importance to real evidence in the Qing Dynasty. Marriage and funerals, as very significant ethical norms of human beings,appeared to play an important position in folk etiquette. Folk social conventions in a natural economic and agricultural society can play a role in restricting people’s behavior,but the relevant records in various local chronicles are often abstract,usually some terms and conditions,which cannot reveal the specific background of folk etiquette to the readers. Although the description of local traditions and rituals is not the focus of these novels,the documentary writing method causes these novels of the late Qing Dynasty to correct this wrong. The description of local rituals,especially weddings and funerals,records local customs objectively in Sichuan at

关 键 词：《跻春台》 蜀地 婚礼 丧礼 民俗 小说 

分 类 号：C953[社会学—民族学]