荷斯坦牛冻精改良西藏黄牛的泌乳性能分析  

Analysis of Lactation Performance of Tibetan Yellow Cattle Improved by Holstein Frozen Semen

作　　者：孔小艳[1] 李昕鹏 张晓燕[1] 唐琳 旦增洛桑 赵丽[2] 次仁罗布[2] 白玛坚才 扎西罗布 索朗曲吉 巴桑珠扎[2] KONG Xiao-yan;LI Xin-peng;ZHANG Xiao-yan;TANG Lin;DAN Zeng-luosang;ZHAO Li;CI Ren-luobo;BAI Ma-jiancai;ZHA Xi-luobo;SUO Lang-quji;BA Sang-zhuzha(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet Autonomous Region,Lhasa,Tibet 850000;Shannan Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center,Shannan,Tibet 856600)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,昆明650201 [2]西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所,拉萨850000 [3]西藏自治区山南市农牧综合服务中心,西藏山南856600

出　　处：《中国牛业科学》2022年第5期26-29,38,共5页China Cattle Science

基　　金：西藏奶牛新品种选育项目(XZ201901NB02)。

摘　　要：[目的]西藏拉萨市引进荷斯坦牛冻精与本地黄牛级进杂交已40余年,对荷斯坦牛改良西藏黄牛(荷×藏)级进杂交后代泌乳性能进行测定,为后期横交固定育种工作提供基础数据和科学依据。[方法]统计并比较2017—2021年荷×藏高代次不同胎次之间的总泌乳量、高峰产奶量、高峰日、产奶天数和日泌乳量;2021年7月进行奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)。[结果]荷×藏高代次随着胎次增加总泌乳量、高峰产奶量、泌乳天数和日泌乳量随之降低,高峰泌乳日在正常范围内;3个胎次之间,总泌乳量主要集中在2 000~4 000 kg,高峰产奶量主要集中在15~25 kg,高峰日、产奶天数和日泌乳量的范围分别是49.58~66.30 d、212.06~217.36 d和14.96~17.99 kg。DHI测定数据显示荷×藏高代次群体乳脂率、乳蛋白率和尿素氮分别是3.86%、3.34%和12.47 mg/dL。[结论]高原低氧环境限制了荷×藏高代次牛的泌乳性能,但相比西藏黄牛有较大提高,结果可作为提高改良牛生产性能、产奶量、奶品质及遗传特性提供基础数据。[Objective] It has been more than 40 years since the introduction of frozen semen from Holstein cattle in Lhasa City, Tibet, and the lactation performance of the offspring of the improved Tibetan yellow cattle has been measured, so as to provide basic data and scientific basis for the later cross fixed breeding. [Methods] The total milk production, peak milk production, peak days, days of milk production and daily milk production were counted and compared between 2017 and 2021. In July, 2021, dairy cow production performance test(DHI) was conducted. [Results] The total lactation, peak milk yield, lactation days and daily lactation decreased with the increase of parity, and the peak lactation days were within the normal range;Among the three parity, the total milk production was mainly concentrated in 2 000~4 000 kg, the peak milk production was mainly concentrated in 15~25 kg, and the range of peak days, milk production days and daily milk production were 49.58~66.30 d, 212.06~217.36 d and 14.96~17.99 kg, respectively. The DHI data showed that the milk fat rate, milk protein rate and urea nitrogen of the high generation population were 3.86%, 3.34% and 12.47 mg/dL respectively. [Conclusion] The high-altitude hypoxia environment limited the lactation performance of high generation cattle, but it was significantly higher than that of Tibetan yellow cattle. The results can provide basic data for improving the production performance, milk yield, milk quality and genetic characteristics of improved cattle.

关 键 词：西藏黄牛 荷斯坦牛 级进杂交 总泌乳量 DHI 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]