不同耕作方式和肥料种类对花生产量、品质和养分吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Different Tillage and Fertilizers on the Yield,Quality and Nutrient Absorption and Utilization of Peanut

作　　者：张运红[1] 毛家伟[1] 刘小奇 钱凯 杨明堤 李丙奇[1] 徐祺豪 ZHANG Yun-hong;MAO Jia-wei;LIU Xiao-qi;QIAN Kai;YANG Ming-di;LI Bing-qi;XU Qi-hao(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agricultural Resources and Environmental Science,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Key Lab.of Agricultural Eco environment,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhengzhou Apollo Fertilizer Co.,Ltd.,Xingyang 450100,China;College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所/河南省农业生态与环境重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]郑州阿波罗肥业有限公司,河南荥阳450100 [3]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《花生学报》2022年第4期51-59,共9页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：郑州市重大科技创新专项(2020CXZX0085);国家自然科学基金项目(32001443)。

摘　　要：近年极端天气频发,涝渍已成为影响农作物生产的重要不利环境因素之一,而垄作成为花生生产应对涝渍灾害的有效耕作方式。本文采用大田试验,研究不同耕作方式与肥料种类对花生产量、品质和养分吸收利用的影响,旨在为花生优质高产提供适应气候变化的高效养分管理技术。试验设2种耕作方式(垄作和平作)和4种施肥措施(不施肥(CK)、普通复合肥(CCF)、腐殖酸复合肥Ⅰ(HAFⅠ)和腐殖酸复合肥Ⅱ(HAFⅡ))处理。结果表明,垄作条件下,和CCF相比,施用HAFⅠ的花生第一侧枝长和分枝数分别增加9.1%和19.1%。两种耕作方式下,施用HAF的花生产量及其构成因子较CCF处理有不同程度提高,但出仁率显著下降;以HAFⅡ施用效果较好,花生产量分别增加9.3%和12.5%,总养分积累及肥料利用效率分别增加8.9%、4.6%和70.5%、131.0%。不施肥条件下,垄作花生收获期土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别高于平作34.6%、21.6%和27.5%。两种耕作条件下,HAFⅠ处理的速效钾和HAFⅡ处理的碱解氮含量较CCF处理分别增加12.1%、11.2%和55.1%、24.5%;此外,垄作HAFⅠ处理的碱解氮和平作HAFⅡ处理的速效钾含量也有增加。综上,本试验条件下,垄作更有利于花生生长,且以施用HAFⅡ的增产效果最好。In recent years,extreme weather happens frequently,and waterlogging has become one of the disastrous environmental factors affecting agricultural production,so that ridge tillage become an effective method for peanut production to avoid the waterlogging damage.Field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different tillage and fertilizers on the yield,quality and nutrient absorption and utilization of peanut,so as to provide high-efficiency nutrient management technology for high quality and high yield of peanut to adapt to the climate change.Treatments of two tillage systems(ridge tillage and flat tillage)and four fertilization methods(no fertilization(CK),common compound fertilizer(CCF),humic acid compound fertilizerⅠ(HAFⅠ)andⅡ(HAFⅡ))were arranged.The results showed that under ridge tillage,the first lateral branch length and branch number of the plant under HAFⅠtreatment were higher by 9.1%and 19.1%than those of CCF.Under two tillage systems,peanut yield and its constituent factors of two HAF treatments were improved by different degrees comparing with CCF,but the kernel rates were significantly decreased.HAFⅡhad the best application effects on peanut production,which were reflected through the increases of the yield(by 9.3%and 12.5%),the total nutrient accumulation(by 8.9%and 4.6%)and fertilizer utilization efficiency(by 70.5%and 131.0%).Under no fertilization condition,the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(N),available-phosphorus(P)and available potassium(K)in harvest time under ridge tillage were higher by 34.6%,21.6%and 27.5%than those of flat tillage,respectively.Under two tillage systems,the contents of available K of HAF I treatment and alkali-hydrolyzed N of HAF II treatment were increased by 12.1%,11.2%and 55.1%,24.5%respectively,compared with CCF treatment;moreover,there were also increases in the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed N of HAF I treatment under ridge tillage and available K of HAF II treatment under flat tillage.In conclusion,ridge tillage was more conducive to

关 键 词：耕作 施肥 花生 产量 品质 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S341.2